The article discusses the main trends in the development of the socio-economic life of people associated with the active introduction and improvement of the digital economy. The positive aspects of the developed Concept for the development of the material and technical base of the Samara State University of Railway Transport in the specialty “Telecommunication systems and networks of railway transport” are considered.

The efficiency of railway transport is directly related to the renewal of infrastructure, including communication devices responsible for ensuring a safe transportation process. For reliable operation of the railway complex, it is necessary to introduce the latest developments in the field of network technologies. To achieve such a goal, the relevant processes of train traffic systems should be automated. However, this is possible when working in the railway complex of specialists of the highest level of qualifications, the practical and professional skills of which are acquired in higher educational institutions. Therefore, the work considers such aspects as the need for the latest developments based on network technologies, the need for specialists in the field of packet switching, as well as the peculiarities of educating students as specialists in the field of telecommunications.

This article provides a theoretical justification for ensuring the technological sovereignty of a research and production enterprise. From a theoretical point of view, technological sovereignty is seen as the ability of a state to have technologies that are considered critical to prosperity and competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the aspects of achieving and ensuring technological sovereignty. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific and statistical methods. As a result of the study, it was revealed that it is necessary to achieve technological sovereignty in a short period of time, namely, to immediately begin to form technological independence. The main approaches to ensuring the technological sovereignty of enterprises are identified.

In this article, studies have been carried out to determine the magnitude of residual stresses arising during incremental shaping of a truncated cone, depending on the angle of inclination of its formative. To assess the residual stresses the method of cutting rings was used, according to the results of which it was found that the rings, cut out along the height, manufactured conical parts, when cutting are closed. This indicates the formation of compressive circumferential stresses during incremental shaping. There is also an insignificant axial displacement of the ring ends after cutting rings, which indicates the presence of axial residual stresses, the value of which is negligibly small compared to the value of circumferential stresses. As the degree of deformation increases during incremental shaping (increasing the taper angle), the magnitude of residual stresses decreases.

The article discusses the concept of digital transformation of pharmaceutical industries, which is based on a generalization of existing theoretical models of digital transformation, such as the Digital Maturity Assured Framework (DMF), as well as the Model of structuring elements of digital business transformation by George Westerman, Didier Bonnet and Andrew McAfee. Digital transformation is currently a necessary condition for the development of production systems and increasing the competitiveness of products. Global competition and the influence of external economic factors lead to a transition from mass production to flexible production systems operating on the basis of the concept of personalized medicine, only Industry 4.0 digital technologies capable of supporting the production of a drug at all stages of the life cycle can be the answer to this challenge. Based on the theoretical analysis, a three-phase model of digital transformation was formed, which was further substantiated by practical analytical data from pharmaceutical enterprises in the Russian Federation. This model includes three phases: engineering design (Phase I), associated with the development and implementation of engineering projects, technical and technological transformation (phase II), which involves the accumulation of technological potential through investment in intellectual production factors, after which the final stage begins digital transformation (phase III), associated with the active development of digital tools and the increasing role of information technology in production.

In this study, the potential for technological development of enterprises in the petrochemical complex is considered. The main production assets of the enterprises of the petrochemical complex were considered as the main object. The purpose of this article is to establish the relationship that the main production assets are the basis for the technological development of the petrochemical complex. The main problems of using fixed production assets are presented. Based on the problems considered, the key directions for increasing the efficiency of using the fixed production assets of petrochemical enterprises are presented. The dynamics of the availability of fixed assets at the full book value and at the book value of commercial enterprises for three years - 2019-2021 is analyzed. The degree of depreciation of fixed assets of commercial organizations was also analyzed for the period from 2019 to 2021. It is noted in connection with which the depreciation of fixed assets was observed and why it decreased. The coefficient of renewal of fixed assets was considered both for the Russian Federation as a whole and for the manufacturing industry in comparable prices. As a result, it was concluded that the fixed production assets of enterprises are their integral part, the main source of income, and the competitiveness of enterprises in the petrochemical complex depends on the fixed production assets.

The article studies the features and methods used to monitor and diagnose the technical condition of onboard electrical systems by using as an example analytical, tabular and logical models. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are highlighted. Based on the analysis results, applying a complex monitoring and diagnostic system is advisable to establish up to date intellectualization of onboard electrical systems, specifically aircraft electrical power supply systems and formation of a single information space.

The results of the development of methods for constructing a strategy of technological innovation, ways to substantiate the tasks of setting the goals of the scientific and technical development of enterprises in the conditions of ambiguity of the characteristics of the influence of external and internal factors are shown. Methods using the theory of unclear sets, fuzzy presentations of information for tasks operating with relevant information are shown, a significant part of which contains uncertainty. Analysis and methods for processing such information under the conditions for solving the problems of planning a strategy for the development of production are of considerable interest for making strategic decisions. The algorithm for the synthesis of the innovation system for the relationship of strategy and deterministic control influences containing clearly defined numerical values of the levels of influences and final results is proposed. The method of describing the initial data of strategic management tasks in an innovative environment containing uncertainty using fuzzy numerical values of the system parameters.

The methodology for optimizing the production of aircraft, technological systems and processes is proposed. The method of streamlining and systematizing the source data is shown when setting and solving the problem of distribution of production resources. The method of synthesis and analysis of the production environment as a discrete and non-abroad space is considered, within which you can distinguish relatively homogeneous local substructures, for the description of which you can build effective adequate mathematical models, propose methods of their formalized description, methods of optimization in the synthesis of specific production schemes. The concept of sets in his appendix to the processes of forming databases of boundary controlled variables on the optimal values of the output variables was introduced. The methodology for constructing and calculating the main target function of optimizing the PS, which includes and is determined by the structure and relationships of incoming subsystems with their characteristic local target functions.

The purpose of this work was to create a configuration of a resource-saving system for handling used household and electronic equipment that implements the state of environmental safety of territories, the formation of a comfortable, safe, favorable environment for people's life, the protection of the population and territories from possible threats of man-made and natural emergencies. The main objectives of the conducted research are defined: collection, generalization, systematization of materials, composition of research results in the field of methods, methods, technologies for collecting, sorting, processing electronic scrap; comparative analysis of the component composition of electronic and household appliances, devices, installations, automation and measurement equipment that have completed their service life; system analysis of methods and technologies that ensure maximum extraction of useful components from electronic waste for their reuse as secondary raw materials in economic turnover; development of the configuration of the organizational and technical system and technological infrastructure of the entire cycle of waste management of electronic and electrical equipment, implementing ensuring the state of protection of people, the natural environment from the negative effects of hazardous technosphere objects, the favorable and comfortable living environment of citizens. The results of the conducted research can be used in the development and updating of territorial waste management schemes, territorial and sectoral schemes for planning waste processing infrastructure, industrial and technical complexes for collecting, accumulating, and processing these specific wastes.

This article considers the problem of transmitting signal text messages in the onboard computer networks of an aircraft. The article provides a brief overview of promising areas in the design of modern avionics, such as integrated modular avionics and Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet. The text of the article provides a protocol that allows you to generate the text of the signal zone on the multifunctional indicator in the cockpit, as well as to transmit the encoded text using the Arinc 664 (AFDX) protocol. The use of this protocol makes it possible to transmit to the multifunctional indicator in the cockpit the zone of signal messages completely formed in the computing unit. The advantage of this approach is the absence of information fragmentation, and therefore an increase in the frequency of updating information on the indicator screen.

The pulp and paper industry leads to the formation of a significant amount of bark and wood waste (BWW), which is not processed in Russia, but is placed in bark dumps, which leads to a negative impact on environmental objects, incl. on the planet's climate. This article presents an assessment of the resource potential of long-term storage bark and wood waste based on the results of physicochemical and thermal analysis. It was found that during long-term storage BWW undergoes degradation rather weakly, while the proportion of carbon in the composition of BWW remains practically unchanged (at the level of 48.4%). It has been proven that the initial BWW are characterized by high humidity (60.8% to 74.9%), low calorific value (14.56 MJ/kg per d.m.) and moderate ash content (9.8% d.m.a.). For wet biomass, hydrothermal liquefaction can be considered the most suitable conversion method, which makes it possible to obtain liquid fuels without pre-drying, since. Water in this process acts as a solvent and a source of radicals. The average yield of biofuel during hydrothermal conversion of BWW is 10%, while the use of Iron ammonium alum as catalysts provided an increase in oil yield by more than 2 times to 28.4%, the use of copper sulfate led to an increase in yield up to 16.1%. The obtained bio-oil was characterized by a high degree of saturation (atomic ratio H/C was 1.3), but the oxygen content was also high (at the level of 22% wt.). The content of sulfur and nitrogen was minimal (0.6 and 0.2%, respectively). The composition of fuels was dominated by oxygen-containing aromatic compounds of the phenol group (62%), cyclic esters (19.8%); as well as fatty acids, which account for 12.9%.

In this paper, a concept of digital twin of plant, which is a decision support system to implement precise farming technologies. Digital twin of plant allows to forecast and simulate real crop state and suggest agricultural measures to the fields based on weather and soil data. Digital twin of plant is developed with the use of multi-agent technologies and ontology-based domain formalization.

The article presents a qualitative assessment of the impact on the engine components characteristics of the malfunction occurrence in the flow part of the aviation gas turbine engines, which lead to changes in its geometry. Using the example of a compressor, it is shown that when defects appear in it, two of its characteristics are deformed: efficiency and pressure characteristics (which is confirmed by a significant number of studies). It is concluded that in order to reliably diagnose aviation gas turbine engines by thermogasodynamic parameters, the mathematical model must take into account the change in two characteristics for each engine component of the flow part (and not only the change in the characteristics of the efficiency of the nodes). A linear mathematical model of a helicopter turboshaft turbine engine is presented and the results of calculating the influence coefficient for a given control law are presented. The peculiarity of the presented model is that the state of each engine component is characterized by two state parameters: for compressors, this is the head characteristic and the efficiency characteristic, for turbines, performance characteristics and efficiency.

The article presents the results of a cross-structural interaction study in modern organizations. The theoretical foundations and reasons for the between-department-barrier emergence are discussed in details. Particular attention is paid to the viewpoint of Dr. E. Deming on the problem of cross-structural interaction, as well as the system-statistical proposals how to eliminate this problem are given.

The infl uence of lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc and iron in concentrations corresponding to MPC and 2 MPC on the properties of Heterosigma akashiwo microalgae exometabolites in relation to bacteria isolated from different areas of the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan was evaluated. The results obtained showed metal resistance in 8 bacteria out of 18 tested. Different effects of exometabolites of Heterosigma akashiwo cultivated on heavy metals (HM) against bacteria resistant to these substances were found. Stimulation of the growth of opportunistic bacteria Vibrio sp., Escherichia sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus lentus, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus pasteuri by exometabolites was revealed. In several cases, a decrease in the number of Pseudomonas sp. bacteria was recorded, with the addition of metabolites of microalgae grown with cadmium, lead and nickel at 10 and 20 μg/l, for Bacillus sp. at 20 μg/l lead, 10 μg/l and 20 μg/l cadmium, and also at 50 and 100 μg/l of iron. As a result, cadmium, lead and iron had the greatest effect on the effect of exometabolites on bacteria.

A digital dual compressor wheel assembly process has been developed to predict the angular rotations of the blade assembly rotating as it rotates. The calculated angles characterize the tension in the joints of the end flanges of the blades. At the input of a digital double sequence of data on geometry deviations with control of operations on parts. During the implementation, the random forest method was used, the study of which was carried out on a set of calculated experiments performed in the ANSYS environment using the element model of the assembled impeller. The experimental results show that the calculation error does not exceed 15 minutes of arc.

The characteristics of the structure and spatial distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic picoplankton in the lower part of the Kuibyshev reservoir in August 2014 are presented in the paper. The total abundance of picoplankton varied within (0.55–11.27) × 106 cells/ml (on average 2.96±2.13×106 cells/ml), biomass – 11.48–372, 76 µgC/l (82.51±72.85 µgC/l), which corresponded to the mesotrophic-eutrophic level of productivity. Single free-floating heterotrophic bacteria, mainly cocci and cocobacilli, predominated in picoplankton. Picocyanobacteria formed 2.2% of the abundance and 20.3% of the biomass of picoplankton; colonial forms were found only in 29.4% of the samples, and no colonies were found in the samples of the Ulyanovsk Reach and Cheremshansky Bay. During the studied period in the Kuibyshev reservoir, the spatial heterogeneity of autotrophic picoplankton in comparison with heterotrophic, was more pronounced. Our data indicate the significant role of picoplankton in the ecosystem of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the late summer period.

Data on the history of studying the fauna and ecology of amphibians in the Chuvash Republic are given. Currently, the taxonomic composition of amphibians in the region includes 11 species. The habitat of a species of hybridogenic origin - an edible frog and two cryptic forms - the "western" and "eastern" lake frogs, has been confirmed. Further research is needed on the geographic distribution of amphibians, parasite fauna, and amphibian food links in the region.

For the first time, the distribution of the total number and biomass of bacteria, the number of saprophytic bacteria and the size-morphological structure of bacteriobenthos in the suspended sediment of the Priplotinny Reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir were studied. The surface layer of the watered sediment (0.5-1 cm) was studied. The average number of bacteria in the suspended sediment is estimated at 5.19±1.52×109cells mL-1, biomass – 0.68±0.25 μg mL-1. The average number of saprophytic bacteria is 5.82±0.53×105 CFUmL-1. The size structure is dominated by bacterial cells with linear dimensions of 0.2-0.5 μmand a volume of 0.025-0.100 µm3.The dominant cellmorphotypeis rods.The percentage of coccobacilli is higher in the littoral, rods – in the profundal. A comparative analysis of bacteriobenthos in the suspended and in the bottom sediments (1-2 cm) was carried out. In the vertical profile,towards the bottom the total number and biomass of bacteria increases, the variability of the dominant size classes of bacteria increases, and by an order of magnitude the percentage of saprophytic bacteria decreases. Spatial distribution of bacteria in suspended sediment conserves the general pattern common for silts– an increase in the number and biomass of cells from upper reaches towards the dam. The exception is the headwater sectionwith increased hydrodynamic activity of bottom waters resulting in decreased quantities of bacteria in the suspended sediment compared to bottom sediment. The largest numbers of saprophytic bacteria on the shallow coast are concentrated in the bottom sediment, in the deep–water central zone of the reach – in the suspended sediment. The distribution of cocci in the upper sediment along the bottom is uniform and does not change with depth. In the bottom sediment cocci reach their greatest quantities in shallow waters, in deep-water biotopes their number decreases.

Investigations of the phytoplankton in the various sections of the Kama reservoir. It is established that in the main waters of the reservoir leading role in the species richness of the algal flora of the diatoms belong to the algae. In coastal waters and the gulfs most diverse green algae. Compared to the Kama, Vishera is more important in the formation of algal flora of the reservoir. The number of phytoplankton is determined by the development of diatoms to the town of Dobryanka, where is located the Perm GRES. The dumping of heated water in the reservoir stimulates the development in the reservoir cyanoprokaryota. In the formation of the total biomass of phytoplankton the most important are diatoms and large representatives of some other departments.

Background. Preservation of stable and sustainable natural conditions in aquatic ecosystems of various territories is the most urgent problem of nature management in many regions of the world. Occurring changes together with the anthropogenic factor intensify the processes of destabilization of watercourse biocenoses. The resulting transformations in the environment have already led to irreversible changes in the biosphere and a reduction in the number of species. The main causes of biodiversity reduction are habitat destruction, degradation and fragmentation. The most important component of aquatic ecosystems is the representatives of benthic fauna - benthos. One of the elements in the composition of macrozoobenthic are mollusks, as one of the most numerous and widespread groups of organisms, clearly responding to the changes in habitat conditions. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to study the distribution patterns and quantitative indicators of Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the plains river sections with varying degrees of exposure to environmental factors. Materials and methods. In July 2017, hydrobiological samples were collected from the source to the mouth of the Samara River were examined 17 stations. Processing of the collected material was carried out in laboratory conditions. The number and biomass of individuals were counted and necessary morphometric measurements were made. The analysis of the obtained data by means of modern statistical programs was performed. Results. As a result of the study of the Samara River, individuals of the mollusk B. tentaculata were registered in 30% of the sample. The species was found in biotopes characterized by various abiotic and biotic conditions of the environment. In the river it prefers shallow (up to 3 m) unpolluted areas rich with vegetation. Quantitative values in the Samara River were low and significantly inferior to values in one of its tributaries by a factor of 4. The maximum values were noted at the station near the village Borskoe. The comparative analysis of morphological parameters of mollusk shells (height and width) at the river sites did not allow to reveal clear distinctions connected with ecological features on them. It was only noted that the presence of all size groups of the species in the middle reaches may indicate the most satisfactory conditions for B. tentaculata. A canonical analysis of the dependence of the species relative to the vectors of the gradient of environmental factors showed significant (p≤0,05) results for macrophyte overgrowth area, nitrate nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen and calcium concentrations in water. In order to understand the minimum number of factors affecting clam individuals, the rocky sediment criterion was applied, with results indicating 4 environmental variables explaining more than half (54%) of the variance. Conclusions. The obtained results allowed us to supplement the available information on the distribution of the Lower Volga region malacofauna. The species preferences in a complex of ecological conditions characteristic for biotopes of the Samara River have been revealed. All these new data will allow to carry out more effectively measures on preservation of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems.

Analysis of using of methods of biological indication and of biological testing for determination of degree of toxicity of oil-containing waste has been carried out, which have showed efficiency of using of these methods. The scale of estimation of degree of toxic impact of oil containing waste to biosphere according to the summary rating score has been suggested. Using methods of biological testing, analysis of probes of soil taken near to the petrol stations, oil pipelines and in the other places of potential oil spill have been carried out. In all cases acute toxicity of the studied samples has been determined. Results of work are allowing us to carry out more efficient and high quality reduction of negative impact of oil containing waste to biosphere and to reduce the degree of its toxic impact.

The results of the analysis of data on rarely observed algal species on the territory of the Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve, based on the results of long-term observations are presented. In terms of frequency of occurrence, the number of singly recorded in general includes 286 species and intraspecific taxa, which is about a third of the total number of species of algal flora of the studied reservoirs and watercourses. Analysis of this list, taking into account data on the ecology of species and their distribution in water bodies of adjacent territories, made it possible to identify 133 taxa that need to be studied for their conservation status. The composition of species with a low frequency of occurrence is critically examined. New habitats of species included in the “Red Book of the Samara Region” have been identified. It is shown that the discovery of habitats of rare taxa and the presence of a large number of singly noted species require the collection and careful analysis of information on their occurrence based on the study of all hydrological and hydrochemical types of water bodies in the territory where sozological studies are carried out.