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Mood variation in impersonal epistemic constructions with propositional attitude in Spanish and Italian
Anufriev A.A.
The article examines the peculiarities of usage of the impersonal epistemic construc-tion parece que ‘it seems that’ of Spanish and similar constructions pare che and sembra che of Italian. Special attention is focused on the variability of the verb mood in the dependent part of the construction.
Roman World and the Dutch language: languages in contact
Chelysheva I.I.
The article focuses on the diachronic contacts of Romance languages, primarily French, with the Dutch language. Both north-eastern regions of France and Wallonia in Belgium border on the linguistic areal of Dutch. Dynamic contacts started in the early Middle Ages, which brought a number of loanwords into French. These, penetrating mainly through spoken language, were subject to major phonetic and morphological transformations. Two languages coexisting in the same state, the Duchy of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, are of special interest. The article also deals with French linguonyms and ethnicons applied in historical context to Dutch and the native speakers of Dutch.
Phraseological Constructions in German:Corpus Search and Analysis of Slot Fillers
Krotova E.B.
The article deals with one of the areas of modern phraseological research, namely, phraseological constructions. Finding them in a corpus can be a challenging task even for an experienced user. On the example of several German phraseological constructions the article shows how to carry out complex search queries in the Russian National Corpus, DeReKo, Sketch Engine, as well as how to obtain frequency information about slot fillers.
Materials for the Glossary of Literary Onomastic Terms
Vasilyeva N.V.
Thе paper presents entries and commentaries for several terms for the Glossary of Lit-erary Onomastics Terms that is currently under development. The Glossary is organized ac-cording to the terminological clusters and contains the terms grouped into six thematic fields. The terms are described via thesaurus approach, i.e. with explicitly represented semantic rela-tion. This way of description makes it possible to collect all the concepts associated with a given term and thereby represent the terminological field of Literary Onomastics which is complex and rather fuzzy as far as influenced by a multitude of philological schools and trends.
Multilingualism in France: a precis on history and the present time
Gulyga O.A.
The article presents general information on the composition and situation of the re-gional languages and other local vernaculars in France, both in the past and modern times. The role and status of such language forms are defined, and typical attitudes from the ruling elites and relevant legislation are specified.
Grimace: a conceptual analysis
Dronov P.S.
The paper analyses the GRIMACE concept according to Academician Yuri Stepanov’s algorithm proposed in his pivotal dictionary, Konstanty: Slovar’ russkoj kul’tury (‘Constants: a Dictionary of Russian Culture’). Analysing similarities and differences in the ways grimace is conceptualised in Slavic (exemplified by Russian and Serbian), Germanic (English, German), and Romance (French) languages, the paper demonstrates that, despite all denotative and connotative differences, the key idea behind the grimace shared by all the languages consid-ered is ‘violation of the familiar template, norm, or ideal’.
Meaningful Absence: Lacunae in the "Languages of the World" Database (Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Zotova A.K., Kolomatsky D.I., Romanova O.I.
The paper outlines lacunae in the latest version of the «Languages of the World» Da-tabase (Institute of Linguistics, RAS). Lacunae of various origins and types are analysed along with linguistic terminology representing different descriptive traditions, primarily based on the «Languages of the World» encyclopedia (Institute of Linguistics, RAS). The topic can be of interest for those dealing with applied linguistics, linguistic typology and databases.
On the processes of some grammatical resources specialization in modern German language
Babenko N.S.
The article examines grammatical phenomena and processes that differ in the modern German language by specific properties in terms of marking some functions of the categorical order — impersonality formed by the es element, indirect speech formed by conjunctive I, as well as gender in its specific form. An attempt is made to interpret these heterogeneous phe-nomena from the standpoint of idioethnicity as demonstration of distinctive (national) fea-tures in the grammatical structure of the German language.
Contemporary lexicography, "augmented linguistic reality" and terminographic challenges
Riabtseva N.K.
The paper shows that rapidly developing digital technologies radically transform con-temporary lexicography and its principles in representing linguistic information, particularly for various intellectual systems and applications. New active trends in the evolution of lexi-cography and in the compiling and functioning of innovative lexicographic resources are re-vealed. Particular attention is paid to a most urgent problem within contemporary cross-linguistic scientific communication — the lexicographic representation of modern terminolo-gy, which is stimulated by digital technologies, acquires fundamentally new properties and becomes more dynamic, multiword, compositional, context-aware, cross-disciplinary, etc.
Why We Don't Want to Speak Russian
Sizov M.M.
The paper analyses the main causes of extensive borrowings of English words and phrases into modern Russian. The undergoing processes may reduce the original word-stock of the Russian language. The author also specifies a change of attitude to the Russian language we speak today.
On the formation of the French written literary language
Kozhemyakina V.A.
The paper investigates the language of Old French business writing of the 13th centu-ry. Old French charters are analyzed from the standpoint of functional stylistics as well as the theory of genesis of a written literary language so as to specify their linguistic peculiarities and their contribution to the standardization and unification which took place in the French lan-guage during its prenational period. Research into the language and composition of the 13th century charters has revealed that written business French of the prenational period is characterized by a formulaic style and has its own established traditions both in the composition and language. It has also been stat-ed that verb tense forms in the charters are highly standardized and to some extent contrast with the variability of their meaning and usage in Old French texts of all other genres. Fur-ther, it has been established that the charters syntactic patterns are much more diverse than those that can be found in any other writing of the period. The charters’ lexical study has shown that their vocabulary is quite extensive. This refutes the wide-spread opinion in Ro-mance philology that business texts use a restricted vocabulary. Text analysis in its turn has shown that distinctive features of business style are already present in the business texts of the Old French period. Thus, the results of the study revealed the influence of the Old French business language on standardization of written French as early as in its pre-national period.
Semantic shift of the type ‘fear activator— fear’ in a variety of languages
Ioanesyan E.R.
The paper deals with fear activators, that is to say, the phenomena that produce fear, which is one of the basic human emotions. There may be different reasons behind fear, and it may be rational and irrational, based on the feeling of imminent danger or on the suppositions and predictions of probable events in the future. Psychology distinguishes between fear activa-tors such as quickly approaching objects, pain, solitude, death, tight spaces, darkness, and the unknown. Some of these activators have become the basis of naming fear in different lan-guages. The article employs the method of analysing semantic shifts, which reflect the chang-es in meanings of words that occur in various languages on a regular basis. Based on the wide array of languages, it concerns itself with the ‘a — fear’ semantic shifts, where ‘a’ stands for a fear activator in the worldview of a given language.
Onymic matrices in Yevgeny Vodolazkin’s novel Opravdanie Ostrova (‘Apologia of the Island’)
Vasilyeva N.V.
The paper analyses structures of proper names in Yevgeny Vodolazkin’s latest novel Opravdanie Ostrova (‘Apologia of the Island’, 2020). The implicative influence of the genre of fictional chronicle on nomina propria in the text is noted. The distribution of proper names types according to the functions they perform, as well as the ways how proper names are in-troduced in the text, highlight some kind of a matrix structure of the novel onomasticon.
Conceptual metaphors, emotions and evaluations, standards and stereotypes in Russian and English proverbs of Truth
Abakumova O.B.
The paper deals with revealing conceptual metaphors, ways of expressing emotions and values, implicated fixation of standards and stereotypes in semantic structure and prag-matics of proverbs both taken in isolation, and in actualized regime in the context of fiction. Universal and national specific features of proverbial concept are brought out by means of cognition-discourse model of proverb’s sense actualization (CDM) in communicative episodes based on the texts of fiction.
A few bad apples: actual usage of a proverb and its derivative idiom in contemporary American English
Dronov P.S.
The article deals with the actual usage of the Anglo-American proverb The bad apple spoils the whole <entire> barrel <bushel; bunch> (also known as The rotten apple injures its neighbor) in contemporary American English. Apart from the proverb, the article considers the separate use of its nominal part, bad/rotten apples, as a separate idiom in its own right. Emphasis is put on the semantic and pragmatic shift that occurs when the idiom is used with quantifiers (e.g. a few) and appears to juxtapose the idiom and the proverb in contemporary American political discourse, especially the one connected to the BLM movement.
Semiotic and linguistic analysis of The Leap by Leo Tolstoy
Barulin A.N.
The paper is concerned with the referential, lexical, pragmatic, semiotic, and literary analysis of Leo Tolstoy’s tale entitled The Leap in the context of his own life, as well as of his standpoint on Charles Darwin’s evolution theory.
Ethnolinguistic Situation and Language Policy in Haiti
Kozhemyakina V.A.
The article presents the dynamics of the language situation in the Republic of Haiti and its characteristics at the present stage, as well as an analysis of the language policy and language legislation in the country. The paper also analyses the functioning of languages in the spheres of communication regulated by the state and in interpersonal communication such as in the family, at home, etc., is also analysed. The main attention is paid to the use of languages in the educational system, which is one of the most important spheres of commu-nication both for the transfer of knowledge and culture from generation to generation and for the formation of the language competence of the younger generation of the country. The Republic of Haiti is an example of a language situation in a former colony, where after two hundred years of independence French, the language of the colonizers, still domi-nates in the educational system at the expense of Haitian Creole, which is spoken by 90% of the population.
Figurative language in the time of Covid: English (Anglo-American) proverbs in the Coronavirus Corpus)
Dronov P.S.
The paper deals with the influence of the COVID pandemic on the English (not specifically Anglo-American) paremiology. Based on the novel Coronavirus Corpus compiled by Mark Davies’ team, the paper analyses metalinguistic use of proverbs (usually preceded by the parenthetic formula there is a proverb that says), as well as their variability exemplified by that of two proverbs, Handsome is as handsome does and Adversity/politics makes strange bedfellows. The primary conclusion is that the epidemiological crisis is reflected in lexicogrammatical changes of proverbs and in variants of phraseoschemata.
On pronominal locative and temporal adverbs in Dabida (Bantu)
Ryabova I.S.
The paper describes linguistic properties of the Dabida pronominal demonstrative adverbs of space and time formed from the demonstrative pronouns in noun class 16 (locative) agreement through the conversion. The language data has been obtained from two Kenyan informants who were native speakers of the Mbololo dialect of Dabida studying in Moscow.
On pronominal locative and temporal adverbs in Dabida (Bantu)
Ryabova I.S.
The paper describes linguistic properties of the Dabida pronominal demonstrative adverbs of space and time formed from the demonstrative pronouns in noun class 16 (locative) agreement through the conversion. The language data has been obtained from two Kenyan informants who were native speakers of the Mbololo dialect of Dabida studying in Moscow
"Friend-or-foe", or term capacity in a terminology system ("Languages of the World" database, Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Zotova A.K., Romanova O.J.
The paper outlines specificity of linguistic terminology, in particular the use of synonyms and equivalent terminological patterns in the new desktop version of the «Languages of the World» database that is being compiled at the Institute of Linguistics RAS. The analysis includes terminology in the «Languages of the World» encyclopedia articles (Institute of Linguistics RAS). The topic could be of interest for those dealing with applied lexicography and linguodidactics.
Language-specific units as intensity markers
Ioanesyan E.R.
The paper scans the linguistic literature on word formation models for strengthening, intensifying, and emphasizing. It presents a number of new models, plus a description of some language-specific words as intensity markers in a variety of languages
