This study evaluated the competitive performance of Mexican fresh grape exports in the United States market from 2002 to 2022. Over this period, Mexican exports exhibited a pronounced declining trend, while competitors such as Chile and Peru significantly increased their market shares. Employing the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and Constant Market Share analysis (CMSA), the growth dynamics of the export performance were systematically decomposed. The findings reveal a substantial contraction in Mexico’s export volumes and market share, which plummeted from 27.5% in 2002 to a mere 6.1% in 2022, alongside a marked decline in its RCA from 2.4 to 0.3. In stark contrast, Peru demonstrated remarkable growth, expanding its market share from 0.7% to 39.4%, driven by structural advantages and superior competitiveness. While Chile maintained consistent export volumes, it experienced a relative decline in its market share, ceding ground to emerging players like Peru. The analysis underscores the structural and competitive challenges confronting Mexico in the U.S. fresh grape market, emphasizing the urgent need for strategic policy interventions. These should focus on enhancing productivity, capitalizing on market opportunities, and bolstering agricultural competitiveness. Peru’s success underscores the critical role of dynamic production strategies and alignment with evolving market demands in securing sustained export growth.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges faced by children in Malaysia, particularly in terms of poverty and hardship. This has led to concerns about the long-term impact on children’s welfare, particularly in terms of educational and economic inequalities. The multidimensional nature of poverty is often overlooked in public policy discussions, and most countries use National Multidimensional Poverty Indices (MPIs) to define child poverty levels within a nation. This article aims to compare the results of a child-specific Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) with those of a household-specific MPI, considering the uncertainty surrounding the capacity of Household MPIs to accurately identify multidimensionally impoverished children. This study, conducted in Pahang, Malaysia, uses survey data to examine the multidimensional child poverty status and its dynamic changes. The modified child poverty headcount ratio, using the Alkire–Foster methodology, evaluates both the traditional headcount ratio of child poverty and the mean level of deprivation among disadvantaged children. The results indicate low poverty rates in Pahang and its districts. Increased policy attention has been called for due to rising unemployment among parents and the increasing number of bereaved children due to the pandemic.

Organizations in the Third Sector operating in still non-Western contexts need to have enhanced governance models that match the need to ensure ethical and efficient commercial operations within their mission. The key research question of the present article is how the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG) in Slovenian NGOs will contribute to strengthening their legitimacy, stakeholder trust, and effectiveness in achieving social goals. This article develops a conceptual model that should include all key variables, mediators, moderators, and latent constructs in itself, serving as a theoretical basis for future empirical studies and best practices. The main finding is that GCG should be organized as a single-track administrative body of public institutes in the future. Better single-track GCG regulations, which would presuppose the amendment of legislation, can be created and executed in practice only by working together with the public, regulatory agencies, academic community, NGOs, and prominent intellectuals.

This study investigates the impact of green innovation (GI) on corporate environmental performance (CEP), while examining the moderating roles of corporate governance practices (CGPs) and environmental policy pressure (EPP). This study uses advanced statistical methods to ensure the reliability of the results. These include techniques such as propensity score matching (PSM), difference-in-differences (DID) analysis with China’s National Green Development Fund (2020) as the policy intervention, and the generalized method of moments (GMM), and this study examines how internal governance mechanisms and external regulatory pressures influence the GI-CEP relationship. The results show that GI significantly increases CEP, and that this effect is amplified by robust CGPs and EPP. By analyzing data from 4026 firm-year observations of A-share listed Chinese companies (2017–2022), the findings highlight the importance of innovation, governance, and policy in achieving sustainable environmental outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for firms and policymakers to foster green innovation and align corporate strategies with global sustainability goals.

Background: In prehistoric societies, especially in the Neolithic period, the study of the palaeodiet assumes special importance as it is one of the points in human history characterised by important changes in diet. In this context, the study of food intolerances is even more significant. Methods: Some of the individuals studied were analysed from a genetic point of view, while a systematic literature review was performed from a genetic perspective, verifying the persistence or absence of lactase in adulthood, and information from necropolises regarding the presence of biomarkers linked to possible consumption of dairy products was analysed. Results: The results indicate a clear majority of individuals with hypolactasia in adulthood, although in a Pyrenean necropolis, studied here for the first time, the lactase persistence allele was already detected. Dairy consumption was also verified to be widespread in very early Neolithic periods. Conclusions: From a population perspective, this study enables a deeper understanding of past populations’ daily lives, expanding our perspective on their dietary patterns. From an evolutionary standpoint, it illuminates a pivotal point in human history and evolution within the European context, where past and modern dairy consumption, particularly cheese, has profound implications for both present and past economies.

This study examines the effect of multiple large shareholders (MLS) on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) controversies and the factors that moderate this relationship. It is motivated by the need to understand the determinants of ESG controversies and the lack of consensus in the academic literature regarding the corporate governance role of MLS. Using a panel dataset of Chinese-listed firms from 2008 to 2023, we found that firms with MLS have fewer ESG controversies than non-MLS firms, including those in the environmental, social, and governance dimensions. The findings are robust across different model specifications and alternative variable measurements. Further analyses revealed that the effect of MLS on ESG controversies is more pronounced when the ownership distribution between non-controlling MLS and the controlling shareholder is more balanced, when they have the same identity, and when institutional investors are part of non-controlling MLS. Additionally, this effect is stronger in firms with severe agency conflicts and weaker governance mechanisms. Finally, and more importantly, we found that ESG controversies have a significant negative impact on firm value and that MLS monitoring can help mitigate these adverse effects. In summary, our results suggest that MLS play a monitoring role in ESG controversies and contribute to firm value by reducing their negative consequences.

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges to humanity, with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions being the primary driver. This study examined the relationship between gender equality, measured using the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI), and CO2 emissions per capita across 49 countries over a 14-year period (2006–2020). Using a fixed-effects regression model, we controlled for structural, economic, and policy variables including population density, GDP per capita, urbanization rate, energy use, the stability of democratic institutions, and environmental policy stringency. Multiple imputations were applied to address missing data, and robustness checks were performed to confirm the validity of the findings. The results indicated that the GGGI is significantly negatively associated with CO2 emissions per capita (β = −0.1403, p < 0.001), suggesting that a 1% improvement in the GGGI corresponds to a reduction of 0.14 metric tons in CO2 emissions per capita. Population density and energy use were also significant predictors, whereas GDP per capita, urbanization rate, and environmental policy stringency showed weaker or non-significant associations. These findings underscore the potential of gender equality to enhance environmental sustainability by improving decision-making processes and policy implementation.

Ecosystem restoration success heavily depends on community participation, yet the psychological factors influencing local commitment and sense of ownership in mangrove conservation remain understudied. The Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), Colombia, represents a critical case where community engagement is essential for successful mangrove restoration. This study investigates the relationship between environmental psychology and community participation in mangrove reforestation, focusing on identifying key psychosocial factors and barriers that influence participation in ecosystem restoration. Through a mixed-method approach involving quantitative surveys (n = 100), semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions, the research examined psychosocial factors and participation indicators using correlation and regression analyses. Results revealed a strong emotional connection to the mangrove ecosystem (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) and predominantly positive attitudes toward conservation (85% of participants). Social norms showed a significant influence on participation (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), with social norms and community sense explaining 64% of participation variance (adjusted r2 = 0.64, F(3,96) = 58.92, p < 0.001). However, low perceived self-efficacy emerged as a significant barrier, present in 40% of participants. The findings suggest that interventions strengthening self-efficacy and promoting community commitment could significantly increase reforestation participation. Success depends on integrating technical training with psychosocial support and establishing appropriate logistical frameworks. These findings provide practical guidelines for designing more effective community-based restoration programs in similar socio-ecological contexts.

Drought, pests, soil fertility depletion, environmental challenges, and the limited use of agricultural inputs continue to plague food production in many developing countries such as Mozambique. As a response to these production constraints, sustainable strategies must be defined to cope with these problems. One strategy, largely applied worldwide, is the combination of the usage of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, conservation tillage, intercropping, and crop residue management. The above can help smallholder farmers to become more resilient, sustainable, and productive, in a framework where the limitations imposed by global climate change are being exacerbated. The impacts of these strategies are less known and lack studies in Mozambique. Here, we provide a comprehensive review based on the relevant scientific literature published in the last three decades which evaluated the effects of diverse sustainable alternatives for crop production, mainly oriented to enhance crop tolerance to drought. The use of these strategies and their promising potential to increase crop yields under drought conditions emerge as one of the most sustainable approaches, leading to both an increase in agricultural productivity and the amelioration of soil properties in Southern Mozambique. However, to achieve this goal, it is critical to perform studies that enable positive impacts and also take full account of the specific socio-economic and environmental contexts in which agricultural production is developed in the semi-arid areas of Southern Mozambique. Hence, future field studies assessing conservation agriculture practices effects on yield productivity and environment under drought conditions are suggested to address issues concerned to sustainable agricultural productions which allow us to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1) and SDG 2.

(1) Background: With the growing severity of global environmental issues and increasing consumer health consciousness, green consumption has become a prominent focus in both research and practice. However, studies on the mechanisms of health consciousness and environmental awareness influencing the purchase intentions of sports enthusiasts toward sustainable sports products remain relatively limited. This study investigates how health consciousness and environmental awareness impact the green consumption behavior of sports enthusiasts through psychological pathways, including attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, aiming to reveal their underlying mechanisms. (2) Methods: Based on the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study developed a theoretical model incorporating health consciousness and environmental awareness. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey, yielding 407 valid responses. The sample was gender-balanced (52.8% male, 47.2% female), predominantly consisting of young individuals aged 26–35 (44.7%) and 18–25 (28.0%), with primary occupations being company employees/managers (46.2%) and students/teachers (25.3%). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software to systematically evaluate the research hypotheses and the model’s applicability. (3) Results: The model exhibited excellent fit indices, with a χ2/df value of 2.129, an RMSEA value of 0.053, an RMR value of 0.029, and GFI, CFI, NFI, and NNFI values all exceeding 0.90, indicating that the model structure adequately explained the relationships among latent variables. All research hypotheses were significantly supported (p < 0.01), demonstrating that health consciousness and environmental awareness not only directly influence purchase intentions but also exert significant indirect effects through attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. (4) Conclusions: Health consciousness and environmental awareness are critical drivers of sports enthusiasts’ purchasing behavior for sustainable sports products. This study deepens the understanding of the mechanisms underlying green consumption behavior and offers practical implications for related businesses. Companies should enhance product healthiness and environmental friendliness while optimizing consumer psychological perceptions to increase purchase intentions.

This study explores the dynamic relationship between rural tourism and traditional architecture, emphasizing their joint role in cultural heritage preservation and sustainable development. Utilizing CiteSpace (6.3.R1) and VOSviewer (1.6.19) tools, this study analyzes 1356 publications from the Web of Science database and identifies three development stages: the initial stage (1996–2008), the growth stage (2009–2016), and the peak stage (2017–2024). The main findings highlight a focus on climate-adaptive design, community collaboration, and the integration of digital technologies in heritage preservation. Emerging topics, such as green building materials and virtual reality, have also gained increasing attention. Despite these advancements, limitations persist in terms of data diversity and the regional scope of research. Future studies should address how to balance heritage conservation with modernization needs, enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, and leverage digital tools to promote urban–rural interaction and ecological design.

Within the framework of the research project “What are we forgetting in inclusive education? In participatory research in Galicia (PID2019-108775RB-C4)”, we developed a proposal that, based on the inclusion and community perspective, investigates the relationship between municipal corporations and educational centres for the design and implementation of the programmes that was municipally developed to promote educational inclusion. The role of municipalities as promoters of inclusion through educational programmes is analysed, focusing on the mediation of third-sector institutions. It also studies the demands of the agents that comprise a community perspective on inclusion. The qualitative–interpretative methodology is based on SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and CAME (correct, adapt, maintain and explore) techniques to contrast the congruence of existing initiatives with the needs of the educational community, synthesising information from 39 interviews. The results show deficient channelling of the schools’ demands into municipal programmes, which are mostly planned in collaboration with third-sector entities, without the participation of the school community. It is concluded that this demand for greater participation and collaboration is one of the main demands of the school community to promote inclusion at the local level.

This study examines the role and contribution of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a transformative framework in higher education (HE), focusing on the University of Split (UOS), Croatia. By applying a qualitative longitudinal methodology, it examines how UOS has engaged with the SDG agenda while overcoming the challenges of institutional disintegration, resource scarcity, and cultural change. Data from strategy documents, action plans, and interviews with university leaders reveal a significant evolution in UOS’s strategic alignment with the SDGs, from initial compliance to a more integrated and systemic approach. This study applies Steele and Rickards’ framework of institutional engagement and innovation culture and positions the UOS journey as a pathway to a transformative scenario. The findings highlight key drivers such as strategic planning and policymaking, as well as barriers such as fragmented governance and cultural resistance that shape the UOS journey. This research contributes to the understanding of SDG implementation at universities in former transition countries and provides insights into the use of the SDG framework to drive systemic change in higher education.

Climate change impacts are unpredictable and can change rapidly or over time; anthropogenic stressors work synergistically to strengthen their impact on vulnerable ecosystems including in the fisheries sector. This study focused on understanding and documenting the historical occurrence of extreme climate change impacts as exemplified by super typhoon Pablo (Bopha), which wreaked havoc in Baganga, Davao Oriental, almost a decade ago. A mixed-methods approach was used, using semi-structured interviews (N = 120) and focus group discussions (FGD) with small-scale fishers in the four fishing villages to assess the impacts of climate change and their adaptation after the events occurred. Our findings indicate that the fishing villages were exposed to the same impacts of climate change or the super typhoon which destroyed their lives and livelihoods. Consequently, this affected their catch per trip and fishing operations. Moreover, due to the impact of the super typhoon, fishers in Baganga developed psychological distress and trauma (emotional 44% and physical 24%) due to the extreme event. To survive, their adaptation strategies relied on government and non-government assistance provisions and projects, e.g., planting mangrove trees, construction of a seawall with wave breakers, cash-for-work activities, and tourism, as an alternative livelihood. Moreover, our study revealed that the communities have limited knowledge about the impacts of climate change, the local government lacks clear management goals for fisheries conservation and there was widespread use of illegal fishing gear. There is a strong need to implement rules, policies, and adaptation measures to build more resilient fishing communities.

The Gambia’s coastline, known for its unique ecosystems and vital role in the country’s economy through fisheries, tourism, and agriculture, is becoming increasingly vulnerable as a result of the combined effects of climate change and human activity. This coastline sustains an important portion of the population by providing livelihoods and contributing to food security, as well as housing critical infrastructure including ports, urban areas, and tourism hubs. However, as climate change intensifies pre-existing vulnerabilities, such as increased sea-level rise, coastal erosion, and extreme weather events, these socio-economic assets are becoming more and more vulnerable. As a result, this study focused on investigating the physical vulnerability of the coastline in the context of climate change. The vulnerability assessment was conducted using the coastal vulnerability index approach, utilising a combination of oceanographic data, remote sensing, and field observations. The research outcomes supported the identification of key areas at risk and examined the contributing factors such as tidal ranges, storm surges, and human activities. The findings highlight the immediate and long-term threats to coastal communities, infrastructure, and natural habitats. Due to the vulnerability provided by geological and geomorphological factors, the average Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) score of 29 indicates a high level of exposure to coastal hazards from Buniadu Point to Barra. From Banjul to Cape Point, the average coastline dynamic rate is positive at 0.21 m/year, indicating some accretion. Despite this, the CVI score of 22 indicates significant vulnerability to coastal hazards from Bald Cape to Salifor Point. The study also explored potential mitigation and adaptation strategies to enhance coastal resilience to sea-level rise, coastal erosion, and flooding. Integrated and sustainable strategies were outlined to support policy-making and community-based initiatives towards safeguarding coastal regions of The Gambia against the backdrop of climate change.

Asthma remains a prevalent chronic condition, impacting millions globally and presenting significant clinical and economic challenges. This study develops a predictive model for asthma outcomes, leveraging automated machine learning (AutoML) and explainable AI (XAI) to balance high predictive accuracy with interpretability. Using a comprehensive dataset of demographic, clinical, and respiratory function data, we employed AutoGluon to automate model selection, optimization, and ensembling, resulting in a model with 98.99% accuracy and a 0.9996 ROC-AUC score. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations) were applied to provide both global and local interpretability, ensuring that clinicians can trust and understand model predictions. Additionally, counterfactual analysis enabled hypothetical scenario exploration, supporting personalized asthma management by allowing clinicians to assess potential interventions for individual patient risk profiles. To facilitate clinical adoption, a Streamlit v1.41.0 application was developed for real-time access to predictions and interpretability. This study addresses key gaps in asthma prediction, notably in model transparency and generalizability, while providing a practical tool for enhancing personalized care. Future research could expand the validation across diverse patient populations to reinforce the model’s robustness in broader clinical environments.

Indigenous and traditional food crops (ITFCs) are essential to initiatives aimed at increasing food and nutrition security and diversifying the food supply. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the benefits associated with ITFCs, particularly for food security. The Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea), Colocasia esculenta (Taro), and Sinapis arvensis (Wild mustard) are examples of indigenous crops that were introduced for food security in Southern Africa. This review assessed the advantages of indigenous crops for food security and examined literature, reports, and case studies from 2009 to 2024 using academic databases, like Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and AGRIS, to assess how indigenous crops impact on food security and the benefits thereof. The primary inclusion criteria were nutritional, economic and environmental impacts of these indigenous crops for food security in Southern Africa. The review concludes that maximizing these benefits requires removing obstacles through capacity-building and policy reforms. The need to integrate precision agriculture to increase production of indigenous crops should be considered and the coherent use of food crops associated with food security must be developed by the government. A comprehensive strategy centered on investment in sustainable farming and climate smart agriculture is recommended to ensure food security.

This study aims to explore the practice of Christian ocean stewardship on Taiwan’s marine wind farm policy, with a particular focus on the critically endangered Taiwanese humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis taiwanensis). Marine wind farms, while integral to the shift toward renewable energy, present complex ethical challenges due to their adverse environmental impacts—particularly noise pollution, which poses a serious threat to vulnerable marine species. International laws have underscored the importance of preventing marine noise pollution. Although Taiwan has relevant laws and policies, their implementation and supervision in preventing marine noise pollution are inadequate. This study critically examines the anthropocentric frameworks that currently dominate Taiwan’s marine development policies, arguing that they inadequately address the moral obligations humans have toward the broader ecosystem. Through a theological reflection grounded in Christian stewardship ethics, this research advocates for a shift away from human-centered environmental policies towards a more holistic ethic that acknowledges the intrinsic value of all creation. It emphasizes that ethical stewardship requires not merely reducing harm but actively participating in the restoration and protection of ecosystems, thus extending beyond utilitarian considerations of human benefit. The plight of the Taiwanese humpback dolphin serves as a case study for exploring these ethical tensions, highlighting how the energy transition can inadvertently contribute to biodiversity loss if not approached with caution and moral responsibility. Building on this, this study proposed four key principles to guide future marine development. These principles advocate for respecting nature, responsible management, continuous innovation, and social participation and transparency. This approach not only helps guide Taiwan’s marine policies but also provides new perspectives and practical approaches for applying Christian ethics in the field of marine environmental protection.

This research aims to optimize corridors in Hyderabad, Sindh, to promote modal choice, reduce congestion, and enhance livability. This study focused on developing and evaluating multimodal wide corridor routing methods, analyzing the modal choice behavior of travelers using a generalized cost model and a mixed constant and separate user balance model, and implementing and assessing innovative road space management strategies. The data were collected using GIS (Geographical Information System) to compare the performance and impacts of the proposed methods and techniques with existing ones, such as shortest path, minimum interference, maximum capacity, and lane addition, using various performance measures, such as travel time, modal share, congestion level, environmental impact, safety, and equity. This research aims to optimize corridors in Hyderabad, Sindh, to encourage various transportation options, such as the BRT system and Peoples Bus Service, to reduce congestion and enhance livability by developing and accessing different methods and strategies. This study analyzed available data through a geospatial perspective to optimize corridors in Hyderabad, Sindh, focusing on multimodal routing methods, modal choice behavior, and innovative road space management strategies to enhance urban livability rather than relying on simulation software or field-collected data.

With intensifying demands for sustainability in higher education—particularly tied to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—universities remain central to fostering responsible consumption and climate action. However, a significant gap persists in quantifying how effectively higher education institutions (HEIs) contribute to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). The extant literature has largely relied on qualitative evidence or limited case studies, lacking comprehensive, data-driven comparisons across nations. This study addresses the existing gap in the literature by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess how efficiently European universities bolster sustainable consumption and climate initiatives. Drawing on secondary data from the 2023 Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings and the Sustainable Development Report, this method provides new insights on how HEIs coordinate with their countries’ broader sustainability objectives. Our results show differences in efficiency among universities across 24 European countries, shaped by unique national contexts and policies. The study results can be used by university administrators and policymakers, who aim to improve the university contributions to achieving UN SDGs.

This paper examines the complex interplay between environmental management (EM) and decarbonization, highlighting how these domains can be seamlessly integrated to create a comprehensive framework for sustainable futures in the energy sector. The framework emphasizes the adoption of green technologies, energy efficiency measures, and innovative carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies and infrastructures. Central to this approach are circular economy principles, low-greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions production processes, and CCUS strategies. A conceptual model of the EM–decarbonization nexus, comprising six enablers, was developed and illustrated with practical examples from various countries and regions worldwide. The findings reveal significant progress in advancing EM and decarbonization efforts. However, additional support from governments and the private sector is imperative in areas such as research and development, equitable transfer of renewable energy technologies, infrastructure for energy transitions, energy storage systems, green financing mechanisms, public education and community outreach, public–private partnerships, international cooperation, active engagement in global organizations, and the deployment of digital solutions. By addressing these areas, a sustainable future for the energy sector can be realized.

This article explores relations between cultural heritage and cultural values for sustainable development in the Enugu region. It discusses the potential to advance a cultural approach to sustainable development of regions by examining the cultural food heritage and relating it to cultural values. Based on empirical research, the article employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the relationship between the identified major local food heritage and cultural values for sustainable regional planning and development. The study examined primary data from 380 community elders, traders, and relevant institutions—including the Ministry of Arts and Culture and the Ministry of Agriculture—through interviews, participant observation, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Pearson product–moment correlation. Findings identified eight local food heritages and six cultural values. The findings suggest that promoting and preserving local food heritage can be crucial in fostering sustainable cultural values and contributing to sustainable regional development. The local food had a statistically significant influence on cultural values. The Pearson correlation result (p-value = 0.000) shows a strong correlation between the local food heritage and cultural values for sustainable regional planning and development. However, the study also identified several challenges threatening the sustainability of local food heritage in the region, including high costs, small-scale farming, insecurity, climate change, and poor transportation. The study recommends the development and implementation of comprehensive policies and programs that prioritize the preservation and promotion of local food heritage while addressing the identified challenges.

This study investigated agricultural radio programmes in specific indigenous languages (Hausa and Tiv) and their role in supporting agricultural development in North-Central Nigeria. Data were collected through interviews with the programme producers. Qualitative data were analysed using Systematic content analysis (SCA). The results showed the programme format, the topics treated per season, the availability of discussants, the feedback mechanism of previous programmes, and the programme’s influence on the audience. The study concluded that radio programmes in indigenous languages play a crucial role in agricultural development. However, the study also highlighted the urgent need for more support for these programmes, particularly in partnerships with agricultural sector organisations for technical and financial support. The study drives a crucial political debate on the role of media in rural development, the promotion of indigenous languages, support for agricultural policy, and political influence, including creating more inclusive and community-focused policies and increased engagement between government, media organisations, and agricultural stakeholders.

As investors increasingly incorporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into their decision-making, sustainable Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) have gained prominence in both investment portfolios and financial research. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Sustainable ETF research landscape by utilizing scientometric and bibliometric methods with tools such as VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and CiteSpace. Drawing from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, the study identifies key thematic areas, influential authors, and emerging trends. The findings highlight the conceptual evolution of Green ETFs, from early definitions focused on ESG-aligned investments to more complex instruments incorporating diversified screening criteria and advanced technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence. Practical challenges such as regulatory inconsistencies, high implementation costs, and limited investor education are underscored as critical barriers to broader adoption. Future trends reveal the growing role of blockchain technology for ESG verification, crisis-specific ETF models, and the development of more inclusive screening strategies. Strategically, Green ETFs demonstrate resilience during market volatility and support sustainability-driven investment frameworks. The study provides valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing Green ETFs’ role in driving sustainable finance and offering actionable guidance for optimizing ESG investment strategies.