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Does the name-letter effect emerge in Korea?
Fujii T.
The present study examines whether the Name Letter Effect(NLE), one's preference for his/her initials, is observed in Korean people. One hundred and eighty-eight female university students in Korea participated in this study. Using the Name Letter Task (NLT), the NLE was observed in the Korean sample. It suggests that NLT is available in Korea to measure implicit self-esteem. For future directions, the possibility of intervention to improve implicit self-esteem was discussed.
The relationships between explicit/implicit shyness and psychological adjustment: Using Implicit Association Test(IAT)
Fujii T., Sawaumi T., Aikawa A.
In the present study, the authors focused on how explicit and implicit shyness are associated with other personality traits and emotions. Explicit shyness is assumed to be consciously grasped whereas implicit shyness is supposed to be difficult to be understood that way. In this study, forty-one participants completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT) for measuring implicit shyness, and the self-report scales of explicit shyness, aggression, loneliness, self-monitoring and subjective well-being. A correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between implicit shyness and subjective well-being (r=.41, p=.01). This result suggests adaptive aspects of implicit shyness. For future directions, researchers have to closely examine robustness of this result and collect more data.
Attractive faces and affection of beauty
Daibo I., Murasawa H., Chou Y.J.
" Beauty is in the eye of the beholder ", according to an ancient adage. Faces are evaluated in terms of the personal, physical and social qualities which the target appears to offer the perceiver. Face have a meaningful role in social context. Members of different ethnic groups have very different standards for the perception of facial attractiveness. The general theoretical premise of the study is that the standards for judgement of female facial beauty are essentially cultural in character, but they are also influenced by racial averages of features. On the other hand, evolutionary theory provides a basis for suggesting that some aspects of beauty may not be arbitrary or culturally relative. The perceptions of facial attractiveness may be influenced by neonate, sexually mature, aging, expressive and grooming attributes. These physiognomic cues not only convey information about the target but also arouse emotion in the perceiver. Previous studies in the area of facial beauty have concentrated on responses of European, American people to members of the same culture. But Mongolian have different features with Caucasian. Further, Japanese culture have traditionally desired females to be subservient. The experiment compared judgment of female physical attractiveness made by Japanese and Korean people. A total of 232Japanese students in a college and 238 Korean female students in two colleges, who were shown photo slides of Japanese and Korean females that manipulated in three levels of beauty, rated the attractiveness and likeability of Japanese / Korean by 13 bipolar-adjective items. Thirty - six black and white photographs were presented in the form of 35mm slides ( three poses - front view, profile, and three - quarters ) projected onto a screen. Precise facialmetric assessments of the size of facial features were made by male aesthetic anatomist. These indicies were analyzed by means of some multivariate analysis methods. Positively correlated with beauty ratings were large eyes, small mouth, small chin in Japanese. On the other hand, large eyes, small and high nose, thin and small face correlated positively withbeauty in Korean. Korean attached more importance to cubic view than Japanese. Japanese Ss posessed simple judgement dimensions, while Korean Ss attached more importance to multiple affective dimensions ( beauty, maturity, likeability). Japanese Ss are more discriminant Stimuls Person's beauty levels than Korean Ss. They have different standards of beauty with each other. But, Japanese Ss can not judge SP' ethnicity consciously. In Japan it is important for the maintenance of interpersonal hermony traditionally that people suppress their emotion and do not appraise physical beauty publicly.
