Для защиты материалов от абразивной коррозии можно использовать различные методы термического напыления для нанесения покрытий, такие как порошковое напыление газовым пламенем, плазменное напыление, напыление и плавление, высокоскоростное кислородно-газовое напыление и детонационное напыление. Термическое напыление является одним из наиболее эффективных методов защиты материала от износа и коррозии, тем самым увеличивая срок службы материала. В данной статье представлено изменение поверхности покрытий на основе Ni-Cr-Al методом импульсной плазменной обработки с использованием плазменного генератора. Покрытия были получены методом детонационного напыления (DS), после чего прошли импульсную плазменную обработку (PPT). Изучены изменения структурно-фазового состояния покрытий под воздействием плазменного потока. В работе использовались сканирующая электронная микроскопия (SEM), рентгеновская энергодисперсионная спектроскопия (EDX), рентгеноструктурный анализ (XRD), характеристика шероховатости поверхности, испытания на твердость и трибологические испытания для комплексного анализа изменений характеристик детонационных Ni-Cr-Al покрытий. Показано, что модификация поверхности покрытий импульсной плазменной обработкой приводит к увеличению износостойкости их поверхностного слоя за счет уменьшение коэффициента трения и увеличение микротвердости. Согласно результатам рентгеновского фазового анализа, улучшение трибомеханических свойств полученных поверхностей связано с увеличением содержания фаз CrNi3, NiAl и NiCr в обработанных покрытиях.

В экспериментах по ядерной физике применяются специально созданные модульные блоки, обрабатывающие сигналы с детекторов излучения и позволяющие получить информацию о природе этих процессов. Эти блоки, называемые ядерной электроникой, легли в основу систем ядерной спектрометрии в медицине, дозиметрии, в исследованиях космические лучей и в других источниках ионизирующего излучения. Быстрое развитие в микроэлектронике за последнее десятилетие оказало существенное влияние на развитие ядерной электроники. Вместо множества громоздких модулей можно реализовать компактные интегральные схемы специального назначения с цифровой обработкой сигнала или микроконтроллерные системы со встроенным АЦП в связке пиковым детектором. В статье описано создание электрической схемы измерения для ΔE-E метода регистрации и идентификации легкозаряженных частиц с использованием программы MultiSim. С помощью данной программы были смоделированы спектрометрический усилитель, одноканальный анализатор и схема совпадений с применением современных микроэлектронных компонентов. На основе смоделированной схемы был создан прототип спектрометрического усилителя. Сигнал, полученный с созданного прототипа, совпадает с моделированным. Полученные данные свидетельствует о том, что моделированную схему можно использовать для экспериментов в ядерной фзики для идентификаций легкозаряженных частиц, а также в других областях где есть нужда в ядерной спектроскопии.

The study of the internal structure of our planet is one of the most relevant topics in fundamental research. In particular, the analysis of the phase ratios of iron compounds with light elements at high pressures is an important task for determining the composition and structure of the core of our planet. Due to the complexity of conducting experiments at such high pressures (in the Earth's core ~365 GPa), ab-initio calculations become a useful method for conducting such studies. With the advent of new algorithms for searching for crystal structures, such as USPEX, AIRS and CALYPSO, the number of studies and available data on compounds of iron-nickel-containing systems with light elements has increased significantly. These tools have significantly expanded our capabilities in studying the internal processes in planets, creating broader prospects for further research and understanding the evolution of planetary bodies. The integration of these advanced computational methods makes it possible to accurately predict stable and metastable phases of iron compounds under extreme conditions, providing invaluable data on the behavior of materials in the conditions of the Earth's core.

Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты радонның диффузиялық камераларында радон және оның ұрпақтары түзетін альфа бөлшектерінің іздерінің кеңістікте таралуын зерттеу болды. CR-39 (CR-39 қатты күйдегі ядролық трек детекторы.) детекторларымен жабдықталған үш цилиндрлік камера пайдаланылды, радон концентрациясы RAD7 ( RAD7 - бүкіл әлем бойынша зерттеуші ғалымдар мен кәсіпқойлар пайдаланатын жан-жақты радон және торон детекторы.) құрылғысы арқылы бағаланды. Тіркеу детектордың бетінде альфа бөлшектерінің іздерінің біркелкі емес таралуын анықтады, камера қабырғаларының жанындағы іздердің тығыздығы орталықпен салыстырғанда 30% - ға төмен болды. Бұл нәтижелер камераның бірдей өлшемдеріне негізделген аналитикалық болжамдарға қарама-қайшы болды. Бөлшектердің түсу энергиясына қатысты анықтаудың критикалық бұрышы Track_vision бағдарламалық жасақтамасының көмегімен анықталды, бұл камера өлшемі мен критикалық бұрыштың трек тығыздығының таралуына айтарлықтай әсерін көрсетті. Сонымен қатар, зерттеу радон мен оның ұрпақтарының көлемдік және шөгінді фракцияларының ішінара үлестерін талдау арқылы трек тығыздығының өзгеру көздерін зерттеді. Бүйірлік қабырға үлесінің артқаны байқалды, ал детектор орталығынан радиалды қашықтықтың ұлғаюымен көлемдік және платформалық үлестер азайды. Камераның өлшемдерін өзгерту осы ішінара үлестердің салыстырмалы әсер етті, нәтижесінде детектордың бетінде көрінетін іздердің әр түрлі таралуы пайда болды. Эксперименттік нәтижелер Монте-Карло әдісіне негізделген бұрын әзірленген бағдарламалық жасақтаманы қолдану арқылы алынған мәндермен салыстырылды. Детектордың жауап беру функциясының бес түрлі өрнегі қолданылды, олардың екеуі эксперимент нәтижелерін айтарлықтай бағаламады. Бұл жан-жақты зерттеу радон диффузиялық камераларындағы альфа бөлшектерінің таралу жолдарының күрделі динамикасына жарық түсіреді және радон концентрациясын сенімді бағалау үшін дәл модельдеудің маңыздылығын көрсетеді.

Кристаллы BaF2 и СaF2, обладающие высокой радиационной стойкостью и как сцинтилляторы с высоким временным разрешением, используются в физике высоких энергий. В настоящей работе исследуются радиационные дефекты в кристаллах BaF2 и CaF2 при облучении ионами 132Xe с энергиями 220 и 230 МэВ, соответственно, до флюенсов 1011-1014 ион/см2. Спектры радиационно-наведенного оптического поглощения измерялись в интервале от 1,5 до 10 эВ. Термический отжиг радационных дефектов, индуцированных в монокристаллах BaF₂ и CaF₂, изучался путем проведения пошагового отжига. Циклы "нагрев-охлаждение-измерение" выполнялись в идентичных условиях с увеличением температуры отжига (Tотж) на 20–30 К. Все спектры измерялись при комнатной температуре. Предполагается, что в радиационно-индуцированную полосу поглощения при 9,7 эВ в СaF2 имеют суммарный вклад анионные кластеры, созданные в области ионного трека, и сложные комплексные дырочные агрегаты. Центр, отвечающий за полосу с максимумом 8,15 эВ также имеет дырочную природу и структуру близкую к центру 6,5 эВ.  В УФ области спектра BaF2 наблюдается небольшое увеличение полосы 9,18 эВ в интервале температур 450-575К, которое сопровождается уменьшением полос с максимумами 6,5 и 8.2 эВ, то есть последняя также имеет дырочную природу. Полосы 7,4 эВ, 2,24 эВ и 3, 04 эВ практически не изменяются во всем интервале температур отжига. По аналогии с CaF2, в Xe-облученных монокристаллах BaF2 высокоэнергетические полосы ниже фундаментального поглощения также могут иметь природу анионных кластеров.

Радиоактивті қалдық қоймаларынан туындайтын ықтимал қауіптілік деңгейі әртүрлі болуы мүмкін. Қалдықтар қоймасынан шығарылған уранның жергілікті тұрғындар үшін әсері туралы қорытынды жасауға мүмкіндік беретін зерттеулер қажет. Жұмыстың мақсаты радиоактивті қалдықтар қоймасының маңында орналасқан Ақсу елді мекенінің тұрғындарынан алынған биологиялық үлгілердегі (несеп, шаш) уранның мөлшерін зерттеу. Зерттеу барысында радиоактивті қалдықтар қоймасының маңында орналасқан Ақсу елді мекенінде орташа ұзақтығы 30 жыл тұратын жергілікті тұрғындардан алынған биологиялық үлгілерде уранның мөлшері анықталды. Несеп үлгілеріне қарағанда шаш үлгілерінде уранның мөлшері жоғары болатыны айқындалды. Алынған мәліметтерді несептегі уранның нормативті мөлшерін айқындауда пайдалануға болады. Сонымен қатар биологиялық үлгілердегі анықталған уранның мөлшері радиациялық қауіпсіздікті сақтау шараларында биоиндикаторлық көрсеткіш бола алады.

В работе рассмотрены эффекты накопления радиационных повреждений в приповерхностном слое ZrO2 керамик, возникающих при высокодозном облучении низкоэнергетическими ионами Не2+, а также определение влияния температуры облучения на толщину поврежденного слоя в керамиках, изменение которой обусловлено эффектами диффузии ионов вглубь материала. Для определения эффектов радиационных повреждений, а также определения кинетики изменений в зависимости от вариации внешних факторов был использован метод рамановской пьезоспектроскопии боковых сколов керамик, что позволило получить данные изменений величин остаточных напряжений и FWHM вдоль траектории движения ионов в материале, а также на глубине превышающей глубину проникновения ионов в материал. Согласно проведенным исследованиям было установлено, что основной тип деформационных искажений, возникающих в результате облучения и, как следствие, накопления структурных изменений, вызванных облучением, связан с формированием в структуре остаточных механических напряжений растягивающего типа. При этом изменение условий облучения, в частности, увеличения температуры облучения приводит к возрастанию величин остаточных механических напряжений в структуре поврежденного слоя, а также наблюдается увеличение толщины поврежденного слоя, изменение которой обусловлено эффектами диффузии ионов вглубь материала мишени. Анализ изменений величины FWHM свидетельствует о том, что при малых флюенсах облучения (ниже 1017 ион/см2), основные изменения структурных особенностей поврежденного слоя обусловлены эффектами накопления структурных искажений в результате деформационных напряжений, в то время как при высокодозном облучении вклад в деструктивное разупорядочение поврежденного слоя оказывает формирование аморфноподобных включений, наличие которых связано с агломерацией гелия, а также формирования газонаполненных включений в поврежденном слое.

The angular distributions (ADs) for 20Ne elastically scattered from a 24Mg target were measured experimentally many years ago at Elab = 50–100 MeV. Unfortunately, these data received little attention and were analyzed only from a phenomenological perspective at that time. This work is essentially devoted to investigating these data from a microscopic point of view, with a special interest given to the probable α + 16O cluster structure of the 20Ne nucleus. The considered data are fairly well reproduced by the various implemented potentials. The study demonstrated the success of the proposed α + 16O cluster model of the 20Ne nucleus in reproducing the considered 20Ne + 24Mg ADs over a wide range of energies.

In the framework of U(3) symmetric quark model, triangular diagrams are calculated that describe the strongly interacting vertices a1>>rhopi and a1>>K*K. The divergences arising when considering quark loops are regularized by covariant cutoff parameter. Based on four-particle hadronic τ decays, the quark structure of the  resonance with quantum numbers JPC=1++ was studied. Theoretical estimates of intermediate channels with the  meson for the partial decay widths of  tau>>pipipinu, tau>>KKpinu and tau>>KKetanu are obtained. Contributions from contact channels describing the direct production of  3pi, KKpi  and KKeta mesons by τ lepton current are taken into account. The interference of contact and intermediate axial-vector channels in determining the integral decay widths is studied. The matrix elements of the processes are obtained in the leading approximation of  1/Nc  expansion. It is shown that calculations on τ lepton mesonic decays confirm the quark-antiquark structure of the a1 meson and clarify the role of the intermediate non-strange axial-vector channel in determining the integral partial decay widths. The obtained results are compared with experimental data by BaBar and Belle collaborations at the BEPC II and KEK lepton colliders.

Алюминиевые гибридті композиттері алдыңғы қатарлы инженерлик металл матрицалық композиттерінің жаңа буйнын құрайды. Бұл механические қасиеттерді жақсарту, дестүрлі өңдеу технологии на рынке қоллайлылық және алюминий гибридті композиттерді өндіру шығындарынок азаитуға мүмкіндік береді. Материалдардың тімдилигі көбінесе дұрыс таңдауға, арматурық материалдардың в соединении с байланистыми болтами келеді. Себебі кейбір өңдеу жиліктері сантехника бөлшектермен байланысты болғандықтан, алюминий гибридті композиттерін жасауда арматурық бөлшектердің бірнеше комбинаций зтелертген. Бұл мақалада гибридті алюминий матрицалық композиттерді өңдеуде қолданылатын арматурық материалдардың әртүрлі сочетаниеларын және олардың материалдардың механические, коррозияға және тозуға төзімді сипаттамаларына қара сырой материал, нестандартные технологии, алюминиевый гибридный композитерин или жетилдіру бағыттарын зерттедик.

The comparative study aims to investigate the dose received by materials exposed to different fluence of neutron radiation. The research is significant in the field of nuclear energy and radiation protection, as neutron radiation is one of the most common types of radiation produced by nuclear reactions. In this study, various materials are exposed to different fluence of neutron radiation, and the dose received by each material was measured using dosimeters. The results showed that the dose received by the materials increased with increasing fluence of neutron radiation. Furthermore, the study found that the dose-response relationship different between different materials, highlighting the importance of material selection in radiation protection. The study concludes that a better understanding of the dose-response relationship for different materials can help in the development of more effective radiation shielding materials and improve radiation safety in various applications.

The mechanical properties of previously known nickel nitrides, Ni6N-R-3, Ni3N-P6322, Ni3N-Cmcm, and Ni7N3-Pbca, were calculated from first principles using density functional theory at various pressures. Considered nickel nitrides are mechanically stable in the entire considered pressure ranges. It was shown that all phases are ductile and have low Vickers hardness values which are below the minimal criteria of hard materials, HV > 20 GPa. In addition, the fracture toughness was estimated.

This paper presents studies of zinc selenite nanocrystals obtained by chemical and electrochemical deposition of zinc in a silicon dioxide track template. With the use of two kinds of electrolytes, zinc selenite nanocrystals were prepared by template synthesis and their morphological, structural and photoluminescent properties were investigated. The electrochemical deposition method was shown to be more optimal to create this crystal in comparison to the chemical deposition method. The cell parameters created by us match up with the results of other authors. Photoluminescence spectra were recorded in the spectrum interval from 2 to 4 eV at room temperature at an excitation wavelength of ~ 4 eV.

Статья посвящена исследованию нанокомпозитных тонких пленок на основе полиэлектролитного комплекса хитозана и сукцинамида хитозана (PEC), в качестве наполнителей были использованы одностенные углеродные нанотрубки (SWCNT) и производных полианилина. С помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа исследована морфология поверхности тонких пленок, полученных из раствора синтезированных полимеров методом центрифугирования на ситалловые подложки. Изучение характера морфологии является чрезвычайно важным при создании сенсорных устройств. На основе данных полимеров были приготовлены образцы резистивных тонкопленочных структур, измерена зависимость их электропроводности от проходящего тока через образец при изменении концентрации паров аммиака. Исследование поверхности нанокомпозитной структуры PEC с SWCNT с помощью СЭМ показало, что на ней присутствуют образования в виде нитей, сформированные углеродными нанотрубками.

This work is devoted to the study of sorption technology for obtaining uranium from technogenic and hydromineral raw materials using natural modified sorbents. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness and prospects of this technology in the field of uranium mining and processing.The paper analyzes various types of naturally modified sorbents, their sorption capacity and the specificity of uranium. Special attention is paid to the environmental aspects of this technology, since the use of natural modified sorbents minimizes the negative impact on the environment.The paper also discusses methods of recovery and reuse of sorbents, which contributes to the resource efficiency of this technology. The economic benefits of the use of sorption technology are also considered in the work, taking into account the reduction of costs for the extraction and processing of uranium.The results of the study show that the sorption technology for producing uranium using naturally modified sorbents has high efficiency and prospects for industrial applications. The need for further research and innovation in this area is noted in order to improve processes and develop new types of sorbents.

The article investigates the characteristics of the experimental data of the elastic scattering cross section in the low-energy range of the a+9Be nuclear system. General regularities depending on the change in the energy of accelerated ions of the parameters of the obtained cross sections are established. Based on the analysis in the framework of the optical model (OM), energy-dependent optical interaction potentials in a wide range of energies were found.The energy regularity of potentials, revealed as a result of systematic analysis, makes it possible to predict with sufficient accuracy the cross-section of processes at energies at which experimental measurements were not carried out.The potential, which is a complex function of the interaction between nuclei, is an empirical measurement that describes the interaction in the scattering process.Studies of the dependence of the potential on external factors should be carried out individually for each nuclear system. Such analyses carried out in order to improve the accuracy of phenomenological theories should be based on a large array of experimental data. To clarify the truthfulness of the results of phenomenological approaches, it would be theoretically more correct to determine the global patterns of potentials and energy dependences of the full reaction cross-section.The article defines the energy dependence of the potentials and the total cross-section of the reaction based on a systematic analysis of the experimental data set in the energy range of laboratory Elab=30 - 60 MeV for the α+9Be process.Optimal values of the cross-section parameters satisfying global laws depending on the energy of the accelerating beam are found.

The structural and phase states of coatings formed on the surface of titanium by the method of microarc oxidation (MAO) are investigated. In the course of the study, a series of experiments were conducted with varying process parameters and electrolyte composition. Morphological and structural changes of the coatings were analyzed using various analytical methods, including electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Microarc oxidation of titanium was carried out in anodic potentiostatic mode for 10 minutes in various electrolytes based on phosphoric acid, sodium orthophosphate, potassium hydroxide and hydroxyapatite. After the MАO, the microgeometry of the surface does not change, i.e. a thin coating with a thickness of 5-7 microns is formed on the surface of titanium. The results of the examination of the coating surface by scanning electron microscopy showed that the coatings formed in an electrolyte with the addition of potassium hydroxide (KOH) have the most porous surface of all the coatings studied. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that anatase and rutile are the main phase in coatings. The composition of the electrolyte is one of the determining factors of the MАO process and is crucial for the application of MАO. The results of the study allow us to gain a deep understanding of the process of coating formation during microarc oxidation of titanium.

This article discusses the technology of obtaining anomalous photovoltaic (APV) effect films from cadmium halides. APV effect is a unique phenomenon where a photo-induced voltage is generated across a metal-semiconductor interface, and it has been a subject of research for decades due to its potential applications in solar energy conversion devices. In this context, cadmium halides are a promising class of materials for APV effect films due to their unique properties. The technology of obtaining APV effect films from cadmium halides involves a complex process of film deposition, annealing, and surface modification, followed by a series of electrical and optical measurements to characterize the material properties. This article highlights the recent advancements in the technology of APV effect films from cadmium halides, including the use of new deposition techniques, surface modification approaches, and device architectures. The potential applications of these films in solar energy conversion devices are also discussed, along with the challenges and opportunities in the field of APV effect research.

Computed tomography is the most effective method of radiation diagnosis. Starting from computed tomography, the optimization principle should be used to keep radiation doses to patients at an acceptable level. An integral part of optimization is the search for a compass between reducing the patients dose and obtaining an acceptable quality image with reliable diagnostic information. The parameters of the computed tomography are determined by the patient’s radiation dose and the quality of the diagnostic image. The purpose of the article is it radiation exposure to patients. For the same reason, we considered tube current modulation. This method reduces radiation without changing the quality of the image and noise.

Magnetoelectric nanofilms are of great interest as functional elements of ultra-dense memory cells. In the ground state they may contain various topological magnetic vortex structures of several nanometers in size. The qualitative and quantitative properties of such structures strongly depend on a set of physical parameters. To calculate the ground state configuration with given parameters, we use the steepest descent method; to study a large parametric space, however, significant computational resources are required. To solve this problem, we propose the use of artificial neural networks (ANN), which can help us uncover the relationship between combinations of parameters and the corresponding ground state configurations, using a relatively small number of pre-computed configurations as training data. The application of the ANN allows one to avoid excessive computational costs in the study of the parametric space and narrow down the parametric area in which the existence of stable non-trivial ground state configurations in the form of a stable skyrmion crystal is possible.

In medical practice, X-ray examinations play an important role in making an accurate diagnosis and monitoring the treatment quality. X-ray examination is the use of X-ray radiation to examine a patient in order to diagnose and prevent diseases consisting of one or more radiological procedures. Target radiography is a method of X-ray examination that allows obtaining a flat image of a limited part of the organ under study. Mammography is the most extensive method to diagnose breast cancer. With its help, it is possible to identify pathological changes in tissues and formations at any stage. The average age of patients diagnosed with breast cancer is 61.5 years. The outcome of breast cancer treatment directly depends on the identified stage of tumor, therefore early diagnosis of breast cancer has become one of the most urgent problems. Before the age of 40, mammography is not recommended as a screening, because breast cancer happens rarely at this age. Mammography is carried out for preventive purposes once in 2 years starting from the age of 40, and annually between the age of 50 to 60, and after that – once in 2 years. The purpose of this article is to make a comparative assessment of radiation load when using digital and analog X-ray mammography devices. The article compared and evaluated the possibility of reducing radiation exposure during analog and digital mammography.

In experimental studies of quark-gluon plasma at accelerators, charmonium and bottomonium play an important role, since their onset of dissociation is one of the few signs of a phase transition in a hot and superdense medium. These particles represent the bound states of the heavy quark and antiquark of charm and bottom flavour, respectively. One of the well-studied research methods is considered to be phenomenological models, where the interaction between quarks is described by the Cornell-type potentials, as well as its modifications. This article examines the influence of the movement of charmonium and bottomonium in an environment on the potential, using dynamic screening. For screening, the dielectric function of the wake field has been used by analogy with the electrodynamics of an ordinary plasma, in view of the similarity of description, which is characteristic only for these bound states. This dielectric function has been obtained from a collisional plasma based on the Boltzmann equation with the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision operator. As a consequence, the equation describes the medium as rarefied gas with pair collisions between particles. Effective potentials between quarks in a given medium are constructed using the method of random-phase approximation. Potentials were obtained as a function of the relative motion of bound states in the medium and the collision frequency of counterpropagating particles. The characteristic changes in the potential in the direction of particle motion are graphically shown, depending on the magnitude of these parameters.

The paper presents a model of fission of excited atomic nuclei. The model is based on the stochastic Langevin differential equation. The amplitude of the Langevin source is characterized by white noise. The adequacy of modeling is tested in two ways: by comparing the analytical solution of the Langevin equation with the numerical one in the harmonic oscillator mode and by comparing the results of numerical modeling with the results obtained by other authors. It is shown that in both cases the results of dynamic modeling provide sufficient accuracy.

The importance of medical physics methods in modern radiation therapy is shown. The types of irradiation used in radiation therapy are considered. At each stage, it is necessary to maintain high accuracy of all procedures. One of the significant stages is the treatment planning, where the quality control of the plan is carried out to ensure the accuracy of the treatment of the patient. The process of quality control of radiation plans in radiation therapy with intensity modulation (Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy - VMAT) on the VitalBeam linear accelerator is presented. The widely used method of quality control on the portal detector (Electronic Portal Imaging Device, EPID) of the radiation therapy plan with intensity modulation (Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy - VMAT) is considered. Comparison of dose distribution that is the overlapping of dose distribution contours. Isodose lines and a dose-volume histogram for a plan with intensity modulation are presented and the main dimensional geometries used in clinical practice for dosimetric examination of treatment plans are described. Intensity modulated plan gamma analysis (VMAT) and gamma analysis criteria are defined. As well as the coverage of the physical volume of exposure. Quality control of dosimetric distributions of the intensity modulated treatment plan (VMAT) on the VitalBeam linear accelerator was assessed.