For today’s retail stores that directly serving final customers’ demand have some special characteristics and restrictions, such as varieties of goods yet limited space in a retail store, a customer order includes various products but each of them is with a small number of quantities, products with different features like seasonal, etc. The competitiveness of the retail store relies on the utilization of the space and fulfillment of the customer demands. To increase the competitiveness, the retail store is normally linked with an associated (small) warehouse. The intelligence of managing the associated warehouse for the retail store has an extraordinary meaning in today’s dynamic environment. This research use data-driven approach to analyze historical customer order to unearth the relevance, customer buying behavior, time series, seasonal, etc. Then by using knowledge-driven approach (ontology) to define the classes and properties, relations between retail store, warehouse, and products, the knowledge can be shared, reused, and communicate in the company. Finally, via inference engine with Semantic Query-enhanced Web Rule Language (SQWRL) to infer the correlations from the ontology and find out the knowledge and logics. The research helps the retail store quickly delivery the products and lets the retail store and its warehouse possess the ability to respond to the various changes.

The PRISM Center at Purdue University and the PRISM Global Research Network worldwide engage with both theoretical and applied research projects; and applied, industry- and government-oriented R&D projects. Such rich combination enables the participating students and scholars to be exposed to real scientific, technological, business, and society’s challenges. It also enables responsible and responsive learning and feedback, better testing and validation. It also enables faster and competitive impact on application and implementation of research innovations, outcomes, and deliverables. Mostly, it enables the PRISM and PGRN members (fondly called “PRISMers”) to learn from and encourage each other, and strengthen and enjoy our PRISM Family worldwide. The purpose of this chapter is to (1) review these activities since 1980, through the projects, their sponsors, and the creative people involved with them; and (2) provide some perspective on the significance, progress, accomplishments, and future visions based on them.

In intelligent manufacturing, detecting anomalous signals or time series subsequences and monitoring the process shift are two fundamental tasks to maintain manufacturing quality. Detecting the anomalous signals or process shifting as early as possible is a challenge. This chapter reviews the relevant research works in these two domains and presents the state-of-art methodologies that combine machine learning and data mining techniques to resolve the practical problem in production, named local recurrence rate with robust k-means (LRR-RKMeans) and long short-term memory real-time contrasts control chart (LSTM-RTC). The real-world data in manufacturing were used to evaluate the methods. The methods for anomalous subsequence detection on process monitoring and real-time contrasts control chart for quality control were applied to real-world semiconductor wafer and white wine production cases. The experimental results show that LRR-RKMeans can detect the defective wafer accurately, and LSTM-RTC has a low response delay in noticing process shift in white wine production. The possibility of combining the proposed data analysis framework with an edge-cloud computing system to alleviate the performance boundary in the computational time was further discussed.

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the key elements for designing a voice intelligent agentAgents. The design problems and guidelines concerning input, functions, output, anthropomorphismAnthropomorphism, and intelligence level are summarized. First, voice is the primary modality for the input/output of a voice intelligent agentAgents, but the recognition accuracyAccuracy should be improved from both the algorithmAlgorithms and human factors aspects, and guidelines concerning input feedback, input autonomyAutonomy and output interface are proposed. Second, anthropomorphismAnthropomorphism can improve the user experienceUser experience with a voice intelligent agentAgents. This paper reviews and proposes a number of guidelines to create a humanlikeHumanlike voice intelligent agentAgents. Third, intelligence level is an important factor in a voice intelligent agentAgents. However, there are notably few studies related to intelligence levels; therefore, this paper suggests that future studies focus more on the relationship between the intelligence level and the user experienceUser experience.

This study revisits the literature of technology adoptionAdoption among older adults—the common finding that technology adoptionAdoption is negatively predicted by age and technology anxietyAnxiety—by examining (1) the attitudes and perceptions of older adults about smart home technology; and (2) whether it matters to incorporate a human narrator (versus cartoon narrator) in the instruction video, and whether there is a difference if the human narrator is a childChild, a young adult, or an older adult. One hundred and six face-to-face individual interviews with older adults aged 50 years or above were conducted in this study. An instruction video demonstrating the use of smartphoneSmartphone home system varied in four types of narrators (i.e., female childChild, young female adult, older female adult, and cartoon young girl) was presented to participants within the interview. Attitudes and perceptions of participants towards the product, as well as their preferences on the narrator who conveyed the instruction were explored. Results showed that older adults present an overwhelming positive attitude towards the smartphoneSmartphone home system. The reasons underlie their attitudes consist of perceivedPerceived usefulnessUsefulness, perceivedPerceived ease of use and facilitating conditions. Older adults prefer narrators of female childChild and older female adult to the young female adult and cartoon young girl. The in-depth meanings that underlie older adults’ attitudes and explanations of their preferences were also identified. Findings of this study can provide insights to the promotion of smart home technology acceptance among older adults.

The authors conducted initial research/analysis of cuteness, especially in east Asian countries, and its existing/potential use in computer-based products/services worldwide. They provide a taxonomy of cuteness to guide developersDevelopers, offer initial recommendationsRecommendations, and describe follow-on publications.

Due to the limited physical size of the screen, handheld devices are limited in the amount of information that can be displayed at one time. When the information space is large or the information structure is complex, users may get lost in the digital world, especially for older users. This paper focuses on navigation in the digital world, dividing it into navigation within a single page (in the case of large images) and navigation across pages (in the case of menu structures), illustrating the existing challenges for each. Despite wearing a digital veneer, we believe that the essence of the navigation problem in the digital world remains the same as navigation in the real world in a broad sense. Thus, breakthroughs can be explored in the research of real-world navigation. This paper attempts to weave the underlying logic of designing for navigation in the digital world from the neuropsychologicalNeuropsychological level to the cognitiveCognitive level. In conjunction with our recent researches, we highlight the challenges faced by older adults in navigating in the digital world, and propose design suggestions such as spatial knowledge-based navigation aids and innovative interaction methods based on navigation strategiesStrategies.

Occupant behaviorBehavior is one of the most critical determinants of occupant safety in buildings emergencyEmergency. Traditional alarmsAlarms developed according to ISO regulations did not work well in an emergencyEmergency situation. For example, the 11 September attack to the twin towers in New York, were most of occupant died because they didn’t leave their workplaceWorkplaces or take bad decisions. New technologicalTechnological-based alarmAlarms based in automationAutomation and artificial intelligence could be a way to improve the Human complianceCompliance with those solutions. This chapter, in a first phase, investigate the main problems in actual technologicalTechnological solutions, based in ISO regulation used inside the building under emergencyEmergency situations. In a second phase, explores the use new technology-based safety solutions to improve the human safety in people emergencyEmergency evacuation.

The fluid intelligence of adults tends to deteriorate in old age, which affects their abilityAbilities to process and manipulate information. Although video gamesGames provide many benefits to older adults, declining cognitiveCognitive abilitiesAbilities may hinder them from engaging in gamingGaming. Three types of cognitive loadCognitive load, viz., intrinsic, extraneous, and germane, that exist in gamesGames are reviewed in this chapter to raise the awareness of cognitive loadCognitive load in silver gamingGaming. Intrinsic cognitive loadCognitive load is assumed to be only influenced by changing the nature of the task or knowledge level of the learnersLearners. However, this chapter suggests that intrinsic cognitive loadCognitive load in gamesGames depends on the interactivityInteractivity of core and interaction elements and can be altered and reduced during gameGames design stages. Most instructional design guidelines for reducing extraneous cognitive loadCognitive load do not target older adults. Thus, further studies on extraneous cognitive loadCognitive load should be done in silver gamingGaming. Germane cognitive loadCognitive load can also be optimized by limiting extraneous cognitive loadCognitive load, which facilitates the constructionConstruction of schemas. In addition to discussing and analyzing the role of cognitive loadCognitive load in silver gamingGaming with examples, this chapter also provides recommendationsRecommendations for future research direction on cognitive loadCognitive load in gameGames design for older players, such that they are likely to benefit from gamesGames.

Recent advances in the era of industryIndustry 4.0 are shapingShaping the future of work, in which human factors have been a focal point for today’s human operatorsOperator to collaborate with sophisticated and dynamically changing technologicalTechnological environments. This chapter aims to use a quantitative and visual method to evaluate the history, current and future of publications regarding human factors and ergonomicsErgonomics in human robotHuman–robot interaction, human automationAutomation interaction or artificial intelligent systems from 2010 to 2020. 6890 publications with 88,617 references were taken into investigation by using VOSviewer and CitespaceCitespace. Publication source, authors and citation, country, and co-citationCo-citation of articles were recorded and analyzed. USA dominates the publications (1920, 27.9%) and citations (41,734). Ishiguro (52) is the most productive author. International JournalJournal of SocialSocial RoboticsRobotics published the most papers in this topic. The keywords “human–robot collaborationCollaboration” “collaborativeCollaborative robots” “human workers” “neural network” “artificial intelligence” “human–robot teamsTeams” had the strongest citation bursts, which reflects the research focus in this area and is still attract attentionAttention from academia and industryIndustry. As for researchers and practitioners, this paper suggests an analysis of integrated visualizationVisualizations in terms of the knowledge and innovationInnovation based on the area of human factors and ergonomicErgonomics in human–robot interaction.

MobileMobile health (mHealth)Mhealth technologies can offer a low-cost, easy-access approach to support health and healthcareHealthcare. However, their design and implementation do not always fit end-users and care practices, presenting a significant barrier to success. This chapter specifies that applying human factors engineering and user-centeredUser centered design is critical for improving fit. To illustrate the impactImpact of human factors engineering and user-centeredUser centered design on mHealthMhealth technology design and implementation, two mHealth projects are presented. One concerns the use of a tablet-based patient-centeredPatient centered system in the self-care of type II diabetes and hypertension. The other is on the use of a mobileMobile app developed for informal caregiversCaregivers of patientsPatient with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementiasDementia. The projects leveraged theoriesTheories and methodologiesMethodology covering key aspects of human factors and user-centeredUser centered design, including evidence-basedEvidence based solutions, needs analysis, participation of domain experts, heuristicHeuristic evaluation, think-aloud and cognitiveCognitive walkthroughWalkthrough protocols, technology acceptance modeling, and pragmatic randomizedRandomized controlled trials. In the two cases, users and contexts of use were analyzed for their needs and characteristics, usabilityUsability and accessibilityAccessibility challenges were minimized, and technology feasibilityFeasibility and effectiveness were verified. Overall, we underscore that human factors engineering and user-centeredUser centered design are indispensable parts of mHealth technology design and implementation. They can essentially lead to enhanced effectiveness and efficiencyEfficiency of care and increased satisfactionSatisfaction of both those providing and receiving it. Moreover, mHealthMhealth technologies continue to grow as part of care services used or provided by individuals of various kinds. Therefore, mHealth technologies must be designed and implemented to account for the needs and characteristics of a wide range of individuals and care journeys.

By continuously exchanging information, connected vehicle (CV) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies can increase the connectivity of the roadRoads traffic system. In this article, two case studies were conducted under the environment of the intelligentIntelligent CV. Study 1 performed focus group interviews and a questionnaireQuestionnaire survey to investigate the preferences of Chinese drivers concerning the design of connected vehicle information systems (CVISs). The results show that participants preferred visual warningWarnings signalsSignals and descriptive verbal speech. Safety-related functions, such as providing rescue services, vehicle malfunction reminders, and information on hazardsHazard in the surrounding area, were valued most among participants. Study 2 investigated the design of vibrationVibration warningWarnings signalsSignals for quicker reaction. Simple reaction time (SRT) and the choice reaction time (CRT) were respectively measured under vibrationVibration warningsWarnings in two experiments. Results show that the response time was the shortest when vibrationsVibration were presented at ears, compared to the vibrationsVibration at wrists and shins. The S-R compatibility effect during all tasks was not significant.

The future development of fully automated vehicle cannot be predicted yet. CarCars-driver handover control need be existed in a certain period, but it is not well understood. The present study is to gain deeper insight into carCars-driver handover control in the highly automated vehicle by investigating the effects of mode transition, the time of transition to takeover request (TTR-time) and take over request time (TOR-time). Two experiments were conducted via driving simulator. Experiment 1 invited twenty participants to analyze the influence of TOR-time when resuming control. Experiment 2 recruited forty participants to further explore the effects of mode transition, TTR-time and TOR-time with a 2 * 2 * 2 mixed design. The shorter TOR-time resulted in less takeover reaction time but worse quality. Six seconds was the balance point between less takeover reaction time and higher handover control quality. In addition, the shorter TTR-time aggravated the significant difference of takeover reaction time caused by TOR-time, but the longer TTR-time abridged the significant difference and improved the attitude towards TOR-time during transition from level 3 to level 2 of automation. If the TOR-time is needed to be reduced in the design for acute threats, no less than six seconds would be better. If the future autonomous vehicle involves the mode transition of automation levels, designerDesigners and engineer also should take the time of mode transition to takeover request into account. These findings provide practical implications for the takeover control design of highly automated vehicles.

The complex structure, a large number of parts and diverse assembly relations of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) wing affect its assembly efficiency, which is an urgent scientific problem to be solved. In this paper, based on the original data of facilityFacility layout in wing assembly workshop, Systematic Layout Planning method was used to determine the comprehensive relationship between the work units. Then, a multi-objective optimizationOptimization mathematical model was established from the perspective of minimizing the total cost of logistics operations and maximizing the degree of close relationship with non-logistics between working units. Finally, the particle swarm optimizationOptimization algorithmAlgorithms is used to solve the optimizationOptimization model of facilityFacility layout, and the layout scheme that can improve the efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle wing assembly workshop is found. The research results not only provide technical support for the layout characteristics of UAV wing assembly workshop, but also provide specific ideas and methods for other similar production enterprises.

HumanHumans drivers and automated vehicles (AVs) might share public roadsRoads in mixed traffic in the near future. We focused on a specific question: Will humanHumans drivers interact with AVs in the same ways that they interact with other humanHumans drivers or traditional vehicles (TVs)? Theories and evidenceEvidence in the literature on AVs and humanHumans-computer interaction (HCI) imply two opposing hypothesesHypotheses: etiquette equality and etiquette inequality. To examine them, we investigated drivers’ intentionIntentions to be polite or impoliteImpolite to AVs in mixed traffic and TVs. Data from two vignette-based experiments (total N = 825) supported the etiquette equality hypothesisHypotheses: driver participants expressed similar intentionsIntentions to demonstrate polite driving behaviors in Experiment 1 and impoliteImpolite driving behaviors in Experiment 2 when they were assumed to interact with AVs and TVs. This finding seems to echo the “Computers-Are-Social-Actors” paradigm in HCI, which suggests that people will interact with computers in much the same ways that they interact with other people. Theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.

In an information-overloaded Internet environment, users make rapid evaluations of webpages after just short exposures to them. Hence, a method is needed to identify automatic and rapid visual attentionAttention to webpages. Neuroergonomics methods can be used to help identify automatic and rapidly deployed visual attentionAttention by measuringMeasuring human brain activity to complement behavioral measures. At present, visual attentionAttention to webpages based on neuroergonomics is still an emergingEmerging field, and the number of available studies is limited. We systematically reviewed the relevant research literature on visual attentionAttention to webpages included in Web of Science and Scopus. We identified three clusters of topics using VOSviewer and summarized the relations between website design elements and visual attentionAttention. By introducing and comparing the visual attentionAttention measures, we suggest that multimodal measurementMeasurements combining behavioral, psychophysiological, and eye-trackingEye tracking measures can provide a comprehensive assessment of visual attentionAttention to webpages. Finally, we propose a webpage visual attentionAttention framework based on human information processing. This review of research methods and their roles in research on visual attentionAttention with respect to webpages should be of value to researchers studying visual information displaysDisplays for cyber systems in other contexts.

Additive manufacturing, involving the design of 3D model and layer-by-layer fabrication, is considered a revolutionary technology with extensive application from titanium aircraft to artificial organs. In the construction industry, the benefits of using additive manufacturing have been recognized by academics and practitioners as it allows the construction products to have more complex shapes with optimized structural properties, thus facilitating the manufacturing of products with the requirement of specific design and customizationCustomization. However, the application of additive manufacturing in civil engineering is still limited, constrained by the immaturities of materials and machinery. Therefore, this chapter aims to investigate the key technologies and applications of construction additive manufacturing with both theoreticalTheoretical mechanisms and industrial cases. Five types of additive manufacturing were introduced and discussed for their uses in the construction industry together with the applied materials and machinery. Three cases of technological application of construction additive manufacturing were provided with the comparison of project backgrounds and characteristics. By reading this chapter, people will have a straightforward understanding of the technical principle and practical application of construction additive manufacturing through vivid graphical illustrations and complementary case information.

Recent researches involving aimed movements of various body components have shown the need for a second component of task ‘difficulty’ in order to take into account the effects of inertia in the limb/load system. This term generally appears linear in the square-root of movement amplitude or as the product of this quantity with the square-root of transported mass. In underwater movements it appears as the mass effects of accelerating fluid particles about the moving limb. It is suggested that the occurrence of the modified form of Fitts’ law arises when the mass effects of a load exceed the capabilityCapabilities of the limb muscles to accommodateAccommodate the forces arising from acceleration of the load during the distance-covering phase of the movements. It appears that, as a general form, the modified model for Fitts’ law needs to be tested in most experimental arrangements. Fitts’ law for aimed movement time needs to be modified from its usual form when there are significant loads to be transferred, with the form dependent on how the inertia loads are produced. These inertia forces generally arise during the high acceleration distance-covering phase of the movement.