Introduction. In the context of the export of educational services, it is of particular importance to design an efficient system of foreign students’ psychological adaptation. Owing to the ethnocultural background, foreign students feel that they are stigmatized minorities in the host society. Negative images and stereotypes are often internalized, resulting in stable low self-esteem in the stigmatized. Since self-esteem acts as a key parameter of the professional self-concept, social stigma and the experience of social identity threat activate the stigmatization of primary professionalization, thereby drastically reducing the efficiency of the received vocational education at the university. The purpose of the study is: to outline the phenomenon of primary professionalization, to reveal the nature of the relationship between the social stigma of foreign students and their self-esteem, and to describe the levels of primary professionalization.Materials and Methods. The study involved 124 foreign students. Participants were asked to answer questions of the Short Form of the Stigmatization Scale and Rosenbergʼs Self-Esteem Scale in order to track the relationship between social stigma and self-esteem. Further, in order to identify the basic barriers to primary professionalization and the participants’ perception of their stigmatized status, the respondents answered the questions of a semi-structured interview supported with the critical incident technique in a focus group format.Results. There is a correlation between the degree of obviousness of social stigma and self-esteem of foreign students. The categorization of the data obtained allowed the authors to substantiate the phenomenon of stigma of primary professionalization, to systematize the determining factors, and to describe its levels.Discussion and Conclusion. Despite the fact that social stigma has attracted active attention of world science for decades, we have not been able to find focused studies into primary professionalization in the format of education export. Studying the factors that lead to the development of stigma of primary professionalization, understanding its levels will help to design a system for its prevention, optimize the system of adaptation of foreign students to the realities of the educational system of the host university.

Introduction: The scientific community is increasingly discussing issues of publication ethics, the key of which is the objective description of the author's contribution to the creation of an article manuscript. The existence of a universal system for describing author contributions will avoid cases of honorary and ghost authorship, transparently illuminating the depth of each author's involvement in the work on the manuscript based on the results of the conducted research.Description of the CREDIT system: Academic tradition dictates the need for each author of an article to participate directly in the creation of its manuscript. The manuscript is a consequence of the conducted research, which requires the active involvement of its actors and a high level of development of their research competence. Hence, the contribution to the authorship of the article is determined not only by participation in the creation of its manuscript, but also by the overall involvement of the research participant in its implementation. The CREDIT authorship model allows for the objective recording of the research energy of each specific actor of the research project, for the balanced formation of research teams. The CRediT taxonomy describes all possible author roles: some of them are independent, and some can only act in pair with a more "strong" role.Conclusion: A detailed description of the taxonomy and protocol for registering author contributions will allow authors to declare the degree of their own involvement quickly and transparently in the research and record its results.