The object of the study is virtual influencers – digital characters created with the help of computer programs and artificial intelligence, on behalf of which agencies maintain pages in social networks to increase the number of supporters and promote branded goods and services among them. This concept emerged in the last decade in a practical environment and is currently actively developing, attracting the attention of researchers. The relevance of the article, on the one hand, is related to the novelty of the phenomenon of virtual influencers, its lack of research, and on the other hand, the significant potential of influencing the formation of public opinion and changes in the principles and formats of communications in the digital age. The purpose is to conceptualize the “virtual influencer” phenomenon, define its role and place in modern digital communication, and outline its opportunities and risks. The research methods are a critical review of theoretical sources, publications in the industry media, and expert blogs of recent years, as well as a SWOT analysis based on consideration of practical aspects: content specifics, methods of interaction with the audience, and statistical indicators of the profiles of the most popular virtual influencers in social networks. The main conclusions are that virtual influencers are a new specific type of communicators, artificial technological and informational products of collective creativity that compete with live bloggers in digital reality. Currently, virtual influencers cannot communicate with the audience on their own. However, with the development of artificial intelligence technologies, they will learn this based on the analysis of the content of social networks. They will not just imitate live contact but will conduct meaningful communication. Over time, virtual influencers will overcome the evolutionary distance from exotic communication tools to self-managed carriers of meaning. They will become independent actors of social communications, bringing society closer to the metaverse.

The author's concept of the Ukrainian linguist Florii Batsevych is considered in the article in the categories of communicative studies. The scientific output of the scientist is large and presented in various aspects. It is possible to observe certain chronological cycles of serious publications in which related or analogous linguistic phenomena are analyzed in detail and in a harmonious correction of the theory and real life of the word. Linguist texts of different genres and subject matter, built on communicative principles – monographs, textbooks, with an appeal to small formats of scientific writing, such as, in particular, an article – are analyzed. It is claimed that the common features of the author's conceptual consideration of texts are based on the internal logic of philological proofs, the systematicity of analysis, the sequence of statements, clearly formulated partial and general conclusions, the principle of proofs from simple to complex in the model from general statements to specific issues of communicative studies. Emphasis is also placed on the consistency and clearness of the definitions in F. Batsevych's operational terminology. The article emphasizes the importance and correctness of F. Bacevych's analysis of language facts in the broad context of the cultural and social reality of Ukraine, which, accordingly, allows us to appeal to the possibilities and results of other branches of science – linguistic psychology, linguistic philosophy, literary studies, etc. Attention is also drawn to the encyclopedic nature of F. Batsevych’s knowledge, the skill and correctness of the author's vocations, reminiscences, intertextual echoes with the texts of Ukrainian and European researchers. In the interpretation of F. Batsevych, the strange texts studied for the first time in Ukrainian linguistics are logically explainable and demonstrable as an opportunity to understand the subconscious expressed in special forms or specially constructed variants of its linguistic expression.

The article discusses the socio-economic importance of social entrepreneurship, particularly as a means of supporting internally displaced persons in the face of growing threats and challenges. The author argues that the social entrepreneurship sector in Ukraine lacks legal regulation and support. Due to the lack of official data on the social entrepreneurship sector in Ukraine, this paper examines the trends and features of social business development in the national economy based on various analytical reports and expert assessments. The author analyses the regional distribution of social enterprises in Ukraine, as well as their distribution by main areas of activity. The study also explores the significance of the social enterprise sector in creating jobs and employment. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to determine the impact of social business on the national economy in terms of GDP, taxes paid, turnover, profit, and labour productivity. The analysis includes updated indicators for 2020-2022 based on our own calculations. The sentences and paragraphs create a logical flow of information with causal connections between statements. The article demonstrates the positive social significance of the social entrepreneurship sector, which is expressed not only in job creation but also in financing social and environmental programmes. The language used is clear, objective, and value-neutral, with a formal register and precise word choice. The paper presents and analyses the results of a survey of experts on the importance of organisational and managerial measures, including the promotion of social entrepreneurship, to meet the needs of IDPs and ensure their integration into communities. It was found that almost one-third of the experts consider it appropriate to stimulate the development of social entrepreneurship as a mechanism to support IDPs. It presents a map of the socio-economic importance of social entrepreneurship in meeting the basic needs of IDPs and identifies the main directions for stimulating social business in Ukraine. The article argues for the promotion of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine as an effective mechanism for supporting internally displaced persons (IDPs)

The modern period of development of economic relations in the conditions of digitalization of the economy requires the search for non-standard solutions to problems arising in the process of production and sale of products. The instability of the economic situation, the need to adapt to the conditions of production in the conditions of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, the desire to preserve the competitiveness of business causes the need to develop and implement effective mechanisms for responding to external and internal changes. One of the tools that will ensure business innovation, respond to external challenges and minimize costs is the implementation of artificial intelligence capabilities in the enterprise's logistics activities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the benefits of using the capabilities of artificial intelligence in the environmentalization of the enterprise's logistics activities. The article analyzes the effects of the enterprise's logistics activities on the surrounding natural environment, identifies the most environmentally threatening areas in the general logistics chain. The structure of emissions into the surrounding natural environment from stationary and mobile sources is analyzed and the main directions of attracting the possibilities of artificial intelligence in the production activity of the enterprise are proposed. The authors emphasize that artificial intelligence, with its unparalleled capabilities in data analytics, machine learning and predictive modeling, is becoming the catalyst that moves business into a future where profitability coexists with environmental responsibility. At the same time, the spheres of economic activity of the enterprise in which these changes can be introduced are determined. It has been established that with the help of artificial intelligence capabilities, manufacturers will be able to ensure: greening of the product transportation process, reduction of energy consumption, reduction of enterprise waste, forecasting of consumer demand. The integration of artificial intelligence capabilities and environmental sustainability will provide a revolution in the supply chain that not only meets the requirements of today, but also lays the foundation for a sustainable and environmentally friendly future.

The purpose of the article is to study the influence of tolerance towards immigrants on the country's attractiveness for four categories of intellectual migrants (university students, highly educated workers, entrepreneurs, startup founders) using the example of countries that are members of the OECD. To assess the influence of tolerance in host societies on the attractiveness of the country for intellectual migrants, the OECD Talent Attractiveness Indicators and indicators of the level of tolerance towards immigrants in various aspects of its manifestation were used. It was determined that the OECD countries have different levels of attractiveness for foreign citizens to study, find employment, start their own business and startups. To study the influence of tolerance on the country's attractiveness for intellectual migrants, the method of correlation analysis was used. The calculated values of the Pearson correlation coefficients allow us to assert that tolerance towards immigrants is a significant driver of immigration to OECD countries for all four groups of intellectual immigrants: the correlation coefficient values range from 0.537 for highly educated workers to 0.672 for startup founders. Equal treatment and lack of discrimination affect the country's attractiveness for foreign university students and entrepreneurs. Ensuring freedom of religion and belief in the country is an important factor in the formation of its attractiveness for intellectual migrants - the value of correlation coefficients is more than 0.5 (excluding the category "startup founders"). Ensuring the right to freely express one's political views, to gather together in public places, to join public groups and associations, to organize politically in any way is an attractive factor for foreign university students, highly educated workers and entrepreneurs - the calculated values of Pearson's correlation coefficients exceed 0.6. The identified relationships will become the basis for substantiating priority measures to ensure a tolerant living environment for migrants. The development and implementation of such measures is particularly relevant for Ukraine, because the spread of cases of intolerance, violence and murders of Ukrainians abroad requires the rapid implementation of effective measures aimed at increasing the level of tolerance and preventing discrimination of people from Ukraine.

The study focuses on the role of HR analytics as a tool for effective human capital management in organizations. The article aims to investigate the methods of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data on employees and their impact on strategic decision-making in HR; prove that the use of HR analytics can contribute to improving productivity, engagement and general well-being of employees, as well as contribute to achieving the company's business goals in the face of modern challenges. The article considers the relevance and necessity of using HR analytics as a tool to improve the efficiency of human capital management in enterprises in the context of modern economic and social challenges. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "human capital" and "HR-analytics," highlighting the importance of these areas to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise and adapt to changing market conditions. A classification of the main methods and techniques of HR analytics that can be used to optimize the processes of attracting, developing and retaining employees is presented. The article also discusses the benefits of implementing analytical tools in strategic personnel management and developing recommendations for improving the efficiency of work with human resources in the enterprise. The article notes that modern market challenges require HR specialists not only a high level of understanding of business processes, but also knowledge of HR analytics methods for making informed decisions based on objective data. The article examines examples of implementation of HR analytics by large Ukrainian companies, provides key indicators of HR analytics, offers tools for the introduction of HR analytics by an enterprise to increase the efficiency of using the company's human capital in the face of modern challenges. In the context of the constant change in the business landscape, the article focuses on the strategic role of HR analytics in the formation of flexible and responsible personnel strategies that can quickly adapt to new market conditions and ensure sustainable business. The main idea of the article is to prove that in the difficult conditions of the present, HR analytics plays a key role in ensuring the long-term success of the organization, helping HR specialists to be not just managers of personnel, but strategic partners who can influence decisions that shape the future of the company.

The article is devoted to consideration of the importance of such components of the information economy as big data and data lakes. It is shown that in the process of unfolding the modern information technology revolution, information and information technologies are gaining increasing importance in the economy and social life. This is especially important in the context of the formation and development of the information economy. It is noted that the characteristic features of the information economy are its virtualization, the processing of large volumes of information based on the digitization of data, the use of quantum and neurotechnologies, artificial intelligence, wireless communication, the industrial Internet, sensors and robotics, digital platforms, etc., and the key technologies of the digital transformation of the economy and society are the Internet of Things, processing of structured and unstructured data of huge volumes, artificial intelligence and blockchain. Key commonalities and differences in big data and data lakes are shown, as well as their role in storing, processing and using large amounts of information. In particular, it states that "Big Data" has become shorthand for the technologies and analytical tools that help manage and query "big data" and represent three steps to a new way of analyzing information that will transform how we think about society and its organization: the first step - rejection of the sampling method; the second is the rejection of precision, and, finally, the third step is the rejection of centuries-old traditions of the search for causality. It is shown that along with big data, which stores processable and structured information, there are also data lakes, which are a system or centralized data repository where all structured, semi-structured, unstructured and binary data are stored in their natural, i.e., their own raw format. The further development of the information economy and the growth of the role and importance of information will lead to new requirements for the technologies of processing, storage and use of information resources.

Current economic tendencies stimulate entrepreneurs to seek innovative and sometimes revolutionary approaches to business conduct. Companies aiming to be trendsetters are characterized by their significant impact on addressing current social and environmental challenges. Projections indicate a nearly quadruple growth in the global market for green technologies and sustainable development. Nowadays, companies have access to modern tools in order to minimize negative environmental impact. Digitalization and sharing economy promote for generating tools to address environmental issues, with generational shifts intensifying societal focus on such concerns. Consequently, adherence to principles of sustainable development, particularly in the context of addressing environmental challenges, is a crucial aspect of modern business performance. Ukrainian businesses face the challenge of adapting to the European Green Deal, necessitating a review of their environmental goals and strategies for competitiveness. With the establishment of ambitious environmental goals, companies are compelled to reshape their business models. The influence of the environmental trend on shaping each element of a company's business model is important. Business model Canvas avails to recognize this impact. Analyzed customers segments and offering eco-centric value propositions are crucial for success. Key activities, especially in resource-intensive sectors like manufacturing, require innovation for environmental responsibility. Collaboration with stakeholders is essential for eco-friendly execution, as companies remain dependent on suppliers whose resources can provide neutralize harmful environmental impacts. Thus, environmental production primarily relies on innovation, despite the additional investments and risks involved.

The article investigates the current state and effectiveness of reforms within Ukraine's intellectual property (IP) system in the context of European integration. By analyzing scientific literature and legal regulations, it aims to substantiate recommendations and proposals for further development of the IP system. The primary focus lies on analyzing the IP system and its transformation during Ukraine's European integration process. The article delves into the essence, nature, and key approaches to defining the IP system. Following the ratification of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, the authors explore the motivations behind the necessary reforms for the Ukrainian IP system. These reforms ultimately aim to integrate Ukraine into the EU single market. The article outlines the goals and objectives of these reforms, along with an analysis of the regulatory framework that defines the directions for IP system reform. It then examines the main strategic reform areas in the IP field, including: reforming the state IP management system; reorganizing the system for collective management of copyright and related rights; ensuring transparency in the operations of the newly established National Intellectual Property Office (UIPO/IP Office); enhancing and harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with EU law during European integration. The article analyzes the positive changes that have emerged within the IP system during the reform process. It also identifies the main barriers and challenges hindering the development of the IP system in contemporary times. Furthermore, the research analyzes the dynamics of Ukraine's position in international rankings based on changes in the Intellectual Property Rights Index and its sub-indices. The authors conclude that the IP system reform remains unfinished. This incompleteness negatively impacts the country's economic development during wartime and hinders European integration efforts. The article explores effective tools and measures that could accelerate positive changes in Ukraine's IP system.

The purpose of the article is to assess environmental performance in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union using the method of taxonomic analysis. To assess environmental performance and compare its value in Ukraine with EU countries, the author selected six main environmental indicators. Their statistical characteristics according to the data of 2022 allow us to assert a significant differentiation of countries according to individual environmental indicators. Taking into account the significant impact of the specified indicators on environmental performance, the level of environmental performance in EU countries and Ukraine in 2022 was estimated based on the taxonomic analysis method. The integrated indicator calculated from the taxonomic analysis shows low environmental performance in 2022 in the selected countries, as the maximum value is only 0.540 (Malta). The value of the integral indicator for Ukraine is 0.091 and, together with Belgium and Bulgaria, it is at the very bottom of the formed rating. Therefore, environmental performance in Ukraine is significantly lower compared to the vast majority of EU countries, which creates the need for the spread of socially responsible environmental direction by enterprises, the introduction of "green" innovations and constant communication with stakeholders. The proposed methodical approach can have practical application in assessing the environmental performance of cement production enterprises, because all the largest cement producers in Ukraine adhere to the principles of socially responsible activity to achieve the goals of sustainable development. At PJSC "Ivano-Frankivskcement", the environmental component of CSR is realized through the use of own raw materials, waste minimization thanks to the internal exchange of resources between different productions. The priority of PJSC "Kryviy Rig Cement" is the fulfillment of all environmental protection requirements, the constant search and implementation of projects that lead to a reduction of the impact on the environment. For CEMARK, caring for the environment is one of the key principles on which the company's activities are based. PJSC "Dickerhoff Cement Ukraine" applies a systematic approach to solving the tasks of sustainable development by implementing corporate policy and improving key indicators of sustainable development.

The article explores Robotic Process Automation (RPA) as a technological solution that enables end-users to program or train software robots to perform various operations such as data processing, system interaction, and office tasks. It identifies typical office operations that can be automated using RPA and emphasizes that accounting processes can be effectively automated using robotic software agents. Key areas of accounting process automation are identified, including period closing, reporting, accounts receivable and payable, cash management, general ledger management, inventory, and others. Implementation cases of RPA from various sectors such as technology, printing, and manufacturing have shown significant positive results, including reduced processing time, cost savings, and improved efficiency and accuracy of processes. It is highlighted that the most frequently chosen processes for RPA are purchasing and selling and internal reporting, characterized by routine nature and lack of need for complex decisions. Automating such processes leads to significant productivity and accuracy improvements in accounting. The automation of processing incoming tax invoices is discussed. The benefits of automating accounting are examined, including reduced error risk, increased efficiency, time and resource savings, accuracy and compliance assurance, enhanced analytics, improved process management, greater visibility of results, geographical and cultural independence, and positive impact on employees. Preconditions, challenges, and risks affecting the expected outcome of RPA automation are analyzed. Key aspects to consider when implementing RPA include process design, compatibility with existing IT infrastructure, data security and confidentiality, support and maintenance, as well as task limitations.

The work has analysed the state of financial assets and their dynamics in the international financial system, considering the global changes in the financial architecture and financial relationships observed over the last decade. It has been observed that in 2020, global financial assets exceeded world GDP more than 18 times and consisted of three main equivalent components: assets of the real sector of the economy, assets of the financial sector, and assets of the financial sphere. The study has revealed that investment in intangible assets has slowed over the past two decades while investment in real assets, particularly in real estate, has become more active. Regularities in the relationship between the decrease in interest rates, the growth rate of GDP, and the directions of investment of funds in the leading countries of the world have been followed. This provides a basis for conclusions regarding further changes in the structure of global financial assets. The article has also raised issues of feasibility and riskiness of further increasing the amount of debt capital on a global scale in the context of some revision of its impact on the world economy after the 2008 crisis. Integration processes in Ukraine prompt the analysis of trends in the formation of financial assets in our country, with indicators similar to those of developed countries and global indicators in general. A comparison of global trends and indicators of the development of Ukraine's financial assets has highlighted significant differences both in percentages of GDP and in their structure; in particular, attention has been paid to the uneven development of various sectors of the financial market of Ukraine — the significant development of the banking sector along with the laggards of the stock market. This indicates an important gap in the development of the Ukrainian financial sector and the need to reform it to integrate into the global economic space.

The purpose of the article is to assess the negative effects of the war on the economic activity of enterprises, generalize the best experience of adaptation measures and methods of survival of enterprises in wartime, ways of preserving human capital. On this basis, the formation of proposals for innovative organizational measures for enterprises of the IT sector and other areas of the economy in order to ensure the functioning of enterprises and personnel support. In the course of the study the basic methods of economic analysis (systematization, generalization, comparative analysis) is used to highlight the distinctive features of the traditional economic crisis and the wartime crisis, revealed foreign experience regarding priority programs and tools for supporting the war economy. Statistical analysis and analysis of the regulatory and legal framework are applied in the study of the influence of the state of war on the activities of domestic enterprises, critical analysis of the methodological and organizational basis of the methodology for assessing losses caused by damage to the property of enterprises. In order to aggregate the experience of adaptation measures and staff support of domestic enterprises, an author's expert survey is conducted, and the data summarization method also used. The article highlights the results of the study of the problems of the functioning of enterprises during the war and the adaptation measures they resort to in order to preserve human capital. A comparative analysis of the traditional crisis and the crisis caused by war are carried out according to various characteristics – causes of occurrence, duration, scale, possibility of localization of negative consequences, availability of infrastructure, workforce and client base – with a special emphasis on their impact on human capital. The typical difficulties faced by enterprises are revealed, and the destructive effects of the war on the functioning of enterprises are assessed. There are summarized critical comments regarding the method of determining damage and the amount of damage based on the assessment of property destroyed during hostilities, and given conceptual proposals for its improvement. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic experience of supporting economic activity in war conditions, relocation programs, the activities of enterprises and their personnel, there is proposed a systematized list of measures to prevent the negative impact of war on the activities of enterprises and the preservation of human capital.

The key foundations of the blockchain technology, which determine the resistance of the systems built on it to external interference and the ability to work in an aggressive external environment, are considered. The first fundamental basis of the blockchain is the hash function. Its role is to create a unique digital fingerprint of each block of the network, and it also facilitates the use of other key solutions in the blockchain architecture. The second basis of the blockchain is its use of a "private-public key" pair, which allows you to ensure the signature of certain data, for example, transactions in crypto networks, as well as guaranteed verification of the authenticity of this data. The third basis of the blockchain is its construction in the form of a chain of blocks, the connection between which is ensured by including the hash function of the previous block to the next block. The fourth basis of the blockchain is the use of specialized consensus algorithms that ensure the correct addition of new blocks to the network. The fifth foundation of the blockchain, which ensures its protection, is the distributed architecture, that is, the decentralization of this network. In order to substantiate the choice of optimal blockchain-based systems for solving the problems of improving the efficiency of business processes at the level of individual companies, four types of blockchain were analyzed. The first of them - public - is the most common due to its use in cryptocurrency networks, which historically became the first powerful impetus for the development of blockchain technology. However, for application in the business processes of individual companies, at the time of the research, the private type of blockchain is more widely used, despite the presence of some significant shortcomings. Partial elimination of the shortcomings of the private blockchain ensures the use of two more types - the hybrid blockchain and the most modern blockchain of the "consortium" type.

The article is devoted to the international competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the countries of the world that are its largest competitors: Brazil, China, India, Turkey and the United States. The purpose of the article is to determine the advantages and problems of international competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex in comparison with the largest competing countries in the context of technological development and implementation of Industry 4.0. The results obtained can be used in the creation of a a concept for improving the international competitiveness of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted using the following methods: comparative analysis, economic and statistical methods, namely, the method of processing a dynamic series to identify a trend, graphical and tabular methods to visualize the observed data and research results. The analysis of time series for 2003-2022 showed that among the countries studied, Ukraine has the largest share of agricultural exports in GDP by a significant margin. The assessment of the dynamics of the foreign trade balance showed that Brazil, Ukraine and India are significant players as net exporters of agricultural products on the international market, while countries such as the United States and China are becoming increasingly dependent on agricultural imports, acting as net importers. The analysis of the structure of agricultural exports showed that Brazil, China, and India have the highest diversification of agricultural exports. As for the value of exports, Brazil and the United States are in the lead. It is established that in terms of the relative indicator, namely the share of exports of agro-industrial goods, Brazil, India and Ukraine prevail. The author notes a significant potential for increasing the international competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, strengthening Ukraine's position in the global agricultural segment, which can serve as an indicator of the efficiency and competitiveness of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex.

The paper focuses on studying the nature, current state, challenges and risks of economic turnover of intellectual property during wartime, and also on identifying the prospects for the development of intellectual property commercialization in the context of the economic recovery of Ukraine. The essence and main stages of intellectual property commercialization are analyzed, including acquisition of intellectual property rights, intellectual security provision, valuation of intellectual property rights, planning of the commercialization process, development of depreciation and accounting policies, resource mobilization, manufacturing of innovative products, extracting value added from the market through the sale of innovative products, and analysis of commercialization performance. The authors demonstrate that the introduction of intellectual property objects into commercial activity allows enterprises to technologically upgrade production and generate economic profit by creating and selling innovative products with new consumer characteristics that are able to meet new customer needs, which gives companies an advantage over competitors in the modern globalized markets. The current state and dynamics of intellectual property sphere in Ukraine in the pre-war period and during the full-scale war are investigated. The article shows that russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine led to an average 40% reduction in the number of applications for registration of intellectual property rights in 2022. Despite the fact that in 2023 the number of applications increased by an average of 47%, it was still not possible to reach the pre-war levels of registration activity. The main challenges and risks of intellectual property commercialization in wartime are identified, including the deterioration of the investment climate, which hinders the fundraising for intellectual property commercialization projects; the reduction of intellectual potential due to the migration of more than 5 million Ukrainians abroad; the objective inability of the state to support innovative companies in Ukraine in the face of a budget deficit. The authors prove that even in the face of existing challenges, active commercialization of intellectual property can enable Ukraine to create new workplaces, realize its innovative potential, upgrade manufacturing facilities, and launch modern products with new high-quality features that can ensure the competitive position of domestic companies in global product markets.

The innovative management of social security entails active leadership involvement in fostering employee initiatives, cultivating a conducive environment for creativity, and implementing innovative strategies to enhance working conditions and employee welfare. This is why the authors delve into pertinent issues surrounding personnel social security within Ukrainian enterprises amidst wartime, exploring innovative approaches to managing such security. The research aims to analyze contemporary challenges regarding human social security within enterprises, which gain newfound significance in times of war and subsequent recovery. Amidst the backdrop of innovation and technological advancement, this issue assumes greater importance, necessitating effective tools and systems to support citizens. Recent social crises such as the coronavirus pandemic and military aggression from Russia have prompted a transformation in social security, with an increasing focus on military defense and physical safety. Traditionally, human social security encompasses safeguarding citizens' interests, rights, freedoms, and providing psychological support. Of particular concern is the establishment of a specialized social security system within enterprises to ensure employees' protection and well-being. Under normal circumstances, the enterprise's social security system constitutes a stable framework continually enhanced through the introduction of new tools and functionalities. Safeguarding human social security within enterprises amidst geostrategic threats necessitates thorough analysis and effective measures to uphold peace and stability. The research assesses factors influencing the level of social security for enterprise personnel, highlighting the role of creativity as a transformative instrument in shaping and reshaping human social security systems. It is evident that creativity can be harnessed through the available intellectual potential within the enterprise. These transformative processes are particularly pertinent for relocated enterprises grappling with wartime challenges while adequately addressing the social needs of their personnel. The outcome of the article is the provision of recommendations for establishing an effective system of human social security at the organizational level, integrating elements of creativity and innovative approaches into the enterprise's social infrastructure to ensure its sustainable development and welfare.

The author considers various approaches to the definition of the concept of "corporate social responsibility" and forms the author's vision, namely: corporate social responsibility is considered to be a comprehensive approach to doing business, which is a voluntary conscious choice aimed at harmonizing and satisfying the interests of all stakeholders, and is aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the company and its environment. Stakeholder groups that may be relevant to corporate social responsibility activities are identified. The concept of "business model" has also been improved by taking into account the aspects of sustainable development: a business model is a certain holistic system that combines many elements that, in their interconnection, determine the necessary directions of the company's functioning, which create value, obtain financial results and consolidate market positions, which does not violate and ensures the sustainable development of the company and its environment. The author analyzes in detail all the components of the business model framework in order to find a connection with corporate social responsibility. It is determined that corporate social responsibility is integrated into all areas of business functioning, including corporate strategy ESG is not a part of a specific component of the business model, but is a holistic strategy that determines the directions of development for various aspects of the business model components and provides tools for their improvement and enrichment.

The article examines the impact of external and internal factors on the macroeconomic situation and business environment in Ukraine. It discusses the peculiarities of the business environment's reaction to unstable conditions, including the presence of financial reserves in companies, cost optimization, and management strategies. The influence of war on the demand and supply of services, changes in the economic structure, and new requirements for businesses are analyzed in detail. The size and basic characteristics of economic sectors are studied, and factors affecting business efficiency in Ukraine are identified. The article focuses on determining the interrelations between the development of the business environment and economic processes in Ukraine. It reviews the specificities of Ukraine's macroeconomic situation during wartime and the impact of external and internal factors on economic development. Moreover, key macroeconomic indicators are analyzed based on statistical data, and a detailed study is conducted on how full-scale war affects Ukraine's economy. The reaction of the business environment to unstable conditions, including the availability of financial reserves in companies, cost optimization, and management strategies, is also analyzed. Special attention is paid to the impact of war on demand and supply. The segments of the economy most affected by the war are examined, as well as changes in the economic structure. The size and basic characteristics of the economy are analyzed, and trends in development and factors influencing its efficiency are identified. Various methods are used in the study, including analysis of statistical data, expert surveys, and comparative analysis with macroeconomic indicators. In particular, the research is oriented towards determining the interrelations between the influence of external factors and economic processes in Ukraine. Based on the obtained data, regularities of economic development in Ukraine are formed, and a forecast for the economy's development in 2024 is constructed. The conclusions of the study may be useful for professionals interested in Ukraine's macroeconomic processes, as well as for businesses and government structures involved in strategic planning.

Monosodium glutamate is a food additive that gives sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness tastes together. In the present study, a simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet spectrophotometer detector method was developed for the determination of monosodium glutamate in both dried and moist food samples. This method was carried out on different eleven food samples including potato chips, soups, and vegetable concentrates from the local market in Jordan. The approach was based on the derivatization step of MSG with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. A good chromatographic separation is obtained by using a 5-micro meter particle size octadecyl column and one-to-one methanol: water mixture as mobile phase. The results in the calibration curve were linear with a correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9533. The tested food samples contained various MSG contents (the highest content was in the Mexicana chips sample 353 ± 7 ppm). The contents of monosodium glutamate in most investigated food samples were between 170 and 350 ppm. These contents are allowed according to the general standards of the codex Alimentarius Commission for food additives.

Energy drinks (EDs) are beverages that are devoid of alcohol containing high amounts of caffeine and sugar. Energy drinks are available in the Jordanian market and consumed by Jordanian youth. There is no Jordanian standard for EDs. Establishing a standardization for a certain contaminant requires assessing the heavy metal content in the EDs available in the market. This research aimed to screen the 10 most consumed energy drinks sold in the Jordan market for total soluble solids, caffeine contents, and the presence of some heavy metals. This study, thus, will serve as an initial step for setting a standard for heavy metals in EDs in Jordan. The analyzed EDs didn’t contain detectable amounts of Pb. On the other hand, the analyzed samples contained 0.1 to 2.8, 1.8 to 6.5, 0.01, and 0.2 to 3.5 mg kg-1 Cu, Ni, Cd, and Fe respectively. The total soluble solids content of the studied samples ranged between 4.8 to 15.4 g/100 g. On the other hand, the caffeine content of the analyzed samples ranged between 24.7 to 32 mg/100 mL. It is recommended to establish a Jordanian standards specification for energy drinks including heavy metal, total dissolved solids, and caffeine.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an alternative, selective, reproducible, and high-yield extraction-based method by ultrasound-assisted technique combined with an effective, specific, sensitive, and rapid analytical HPLC procedure for obtaining hesperidin from mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel as waste material in citrus processing industries and its quantitative determination in the obtained extracted product and citrus waste materials as well. The evaluation of the uncertainty of the developed method is also described in the present work. The proposed method is focused not only on obtaining hesperidin but also provides the possibility for obtaining other valuable bioactive compounds within the single stepwise extraction process. The proposed method was validated concerning the following validation parameters: robustness, system suitability test, specificity, linearity range, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, limits of quantification (LOQ), and detection (LOD). A design of experiments using the Placket-Burman approach was used for the robustness study of the combined method. The measurement uncertainty of the proposed method was evaluated based on the four-step process using a combination of two appropriate - bottom-up and top-down approaches using the method validation data. The LOD and LOQ of the analytical procedure were 0.00001 mg/mL and 0.000025 mg/mL, respectively. The calibration curve (0.000025-0.5 mg/mL) is linear and the square of the correlation coefficient is equal to 0.99992. The determined average amount of hesperidin in the dry citrus peel samples is equal to 35.36 ± 3.14 mg/g (k=2, 95 % level of confidence). The mean recovery of the combined method is 91.48 %. The purity of the dry-extracted product of hesperidin is not less than 90 %.

A simple, accurate, and rapid indirect spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mefenamic acid in its pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the oxidation of the mefenamic acid by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (excess) and estimating the amount of unconsumed NBS by safranin dye in the presence of the acid and the surfactant SDS in the aqueous medium at λmax = 527 nm. Regression analysis of Beer–Lambert's plot proves excellent correlation in the concentration ranges 0.025 – 5 μg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient 0.993. A molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 2.05×104 L mol-1 cm-1, 0.0117 μg cm-2, 0.254 μg mL-1 and 0.847 μg mL-1, respectively. The possibility of quantitative determination of mefenamic acid in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations in the form of syrup and capsules with average recoveries 102.57 %, 100.88 %, and 100.57 %, and RSD ≤ 1.69 %, ≤1.42 % and ≤1.89 % also, respectively, are shown.

Two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of methyldopa in the pure form and pharmaceutical formulations, both two methods based on the oxidation of the drug with an excess of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and then reduction with 3,3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), Absorbance of the resulting Magenta colored product is measured at 513 nm, the linearity ranged between (0.5 to 10) mg L−1 for the first spectroscopy method, and (0.5 to 15) mg L−1 for the second microfluid method. The detection limits (LOD) are 0.171, and 0.180 μg mL-1 for methyldopa in two methods spectroscopies, and microfluidic respectively. The limits of quantities (LOQ) are 0.571, and 0.600 μg mL-1 for methyldopa in two methods spectroscopies, and microfluidic respectively. The molar absorptivity (Ɛ) 2.58 ×104, 2.112×103 L mol-1 cm-1 for methyldopa in two methods spectroscopies, and microfluidic respectively. No interference was observed from common excipients in formulations. The results show a simple, accurate, fast, and readily applied method to the determination of methyldopa in pharmaceutical products. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of the drug in their pharmaceutical formulations.